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Airway Stents
Henry Bauer and Viviana Martinez
Lung Cancer
Lung cancer – uncontrollable growth of
abnormal cells in the lung(s) form masses
of tissue or tumors
• Malignant
• can spread to nearby tissues or other
organs
• 2 main types
-Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
-Small Cell Lung Cancer
• In 2009 - 205, 974 people were
diagnosed with lung cancer
-158, 081 people died from lung cancer
Lung Cancer
•
Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer is most common
• Accounts for ~85% of all diagnoses
• Four stages:
Stage 1: cancer is localized to lungs
Stage 2: cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes
Stage 3: cancer has spread to lymph nodes in the middle of the chest
Stage 4: advanced disease; cancer has spread to both lungs, fluid
around the lungs, and/or to other tissues and organs
•
Small Cell Lung Cancer
• 2 stages:
Limited: cancer in one part of a single lung plus nearby lymph nodes
Extensive: cancer has spread throughout the chest, other tissues, and
organs
Symptoms
• Damage to the lungs and surrounding
tissues/structures
• Persistent and/or worsening cough
• Coughing up blood
• Wheezing or shortness of breath
• Chronic pneumonia or bronchitis
• Chest pain
• Fatigue
Risk Factors
•
Smoking ( #1 cause) or
second hand smoke
•
Tuberculosis or other lung
diseases
•
Environmental exposure
to carcinogens
•
such as asbestos, diesel
exhaust, and radon
•
Age
•
Family history
Treatment
• Surgery – remove lobe/section of lung with tumor
• Chemotherapy – drugs are used to shrink or kill the
cancer
• Carboplatin, Cisplatin
• Radiation
• Targeted drug therapy – drugs specifically target
cancer cells
• Tarceva, Avastin, Xalkori
Airway Stents
Types of Stents
EGIS Airway Stent
• drawstring for easy removal
• polishing process removes micro
cracks
• non-biodegradable silicone
membrane
• Nitinol for shape memory and
superelasticity
• barbs prevent migration
• available in a variety of types and
sizes (diameters and lengths)
Costs

Surgery costs $5000

Individual stents can be $1000-2000.

Median cost of removal surgery is $10,700.
Implantation Protocols



Sedation and bronchoscopy
Insert guidewire and sizing catheter to
measure size of obstruction.
Insert breathing tube to allow airflow during
insertion.

Deploy stent.

Secure stent placement.
http://www.sngbio.com/page/animation.ph
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Recovery and Patient Followup

Symptoms improve in 84%
of patients within 24 hours

Bronchoscopy check ups.

Monitor for coughing,
shortness of breath, etc.

Doesn’t require
immunosupressants

Long term complications
can require additional surgery
Complications

Migration of stent.

Trouble breathing.

Bleeding.

Pneumonia or other infection.


New airway obstruction from accumulated
secretions or tumor growth.
Stent fracturing.
Conclusion
• EGIS airway stent provides rapid relief of
symptoms and drastically improves quality of
life for patients.
• Provides time for chemotherapy or drugs to
take effect, or for conditions to improve and
allow for surgery.
•
Despite potential complications, airway stents
have proven to be versatile and effective.
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/30/science/
groundbreaking-surgery-for-girl-born-withoutwindpipe.html?emc=eta1&_r=0