Download The Skin

Integumentary
System
The bodies first line of defense.
Introduction
The Integumentary System is the outermost covering of the
body. It is comprised of several different layers as well as many
derivative structures . There are several different types of skin
conditions, however most can be prevented with basic skin care.
The integumentary system is also studied and cared for by
several health care professionals.
Integumentary System
• Integumentary = Skin
• Function
• Cover Body Surfaces
• Derivatives
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Sweat Glands
Oil Glands
Hair
Nails
• Structure
• Epidermis
• Dermis
• Hypodermis
M.S.
Integumentary System
(continued)
• Cutaneous Membrane
• AKA: Skin
• Composed of Epidermis and Dermis
• Subcutaneous
• Not Part of the Skin
• Hypodermis
M.S.
Epidermis
• Not Vascular
• Keratinocytes
• Hard Dead Cells Filled With Stiff Keratin Protein
• Make Up 90% of Epidermal Cells
• Sometimes Called Corneocytes
• Melanocytes
• Pigment Cells
• Shield Against UV Rays
M.S.
Epidermis (continued)
• Cell Layers
• Five Layers or Strata
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Stratum Corneum
Stratum Lucidum
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Basale
• Cute Little Girls Squish Bugs
• Cells Grown at Bottom and Pushed Towards the Top
M.S.
Dermis
• Corium
• “True Skin”
• Papillary Layer
• Thin Superficial Layer
• Composed of Thin Collagen and Elastic Fibers
• Small Ridges Compose Fingerprints
• Reticular Layer
• Hardware of Integumentary System
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Sweat Glands
Arrector Pili Muscle
Nerves
Blood Vessel
M.S.
Hypodermis
• Subcutaneous
• Composed of Mostly Connective and Adipose Tissue
• Connects the Skin to the Internal Organs
M.S.
Derivative Structures
• Sweat Glands
• Widely Distributed Throughout Skin
• Two Types
• Eccrine
• Empty Directly From Ducts to Skin Surface
• Apocrine
• Empty Into Hair Follicles
• Sebaceous Glands
• Produce Oil
• Sebum
• Waterproof Skin
M.S.
Derivative Structures
• Hair
• Produced by Hair Follicle
• Dermal and Epidermal Sheath Surround Hair Root
• Arrector Pili
• Small Muscle That Pulls Hairs Upright When Cold of Frightened
• Nails
• Scale-Like Modifications of the Epidermis
• Heavily Keratinized
M.S.
The Skin
Please Draw and Label
M.S.
Congenital Skin Conditions
• Eczema
• Common Skin Conditions Caused by Reddening and Vesicle
Formation
• Five Main Types of Eczema
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Atopic – associated with asthma
Seborrhoeic eczema – affects the nose and lips
Discoid – coin shaped lesions only occurring in adults
Pompholyx – affecting hands and feet
Gravitational eczema – associated with pour venous circulation
• Psoriasis
• Psoriasis is a Chronic Skin Disease With Pink Patches that Form
on the Elbow, Knee, and Scalp Along With Other Parts of the Body
Kyle T.
Congenital Skin Conditions
(continued)
• Most Common in Britain
• Cause is Unknown
• Sometimes Occurs in Arthritis Patients
• Dermatitis
• Inflammatory Condition of the Skin Caused by Outside Agents
• Three Types
• Irritant Dermatitis
• Occupational Dermatitis
• Allergic Dermatitis
• Typically Not Curable
Kyle T.
Bacterial Skin Conditions
• Acne Vulgaris
• Common Inflammatory Condition of Sebaceous Glands
• Impetigo
• Superficial Bacterial Infection of the Skin
• Bullous Impetigo
• Caused by Staphylococcus
• Blisters occurs at any age
• Non-Bullous Impetigo
• Caused by Staphylococcus Species
• Mainly Affects Young Children
Kyle T.
Bacterial Skin Conditions
(continued)
• Acne Rosacea
• Chronic Inflammatory Disease of the Face in Which the Skin
Becomes Abnormally Flushed
Kyle T.
Viral Skin Conditions
• Warts
• Benign Growth on the Skin Caused by Infection with Human
Papillomavirus (HPV)
• Common Warts
• Usually Located on Back of the Hand Goes Away Within Two Years
• Plantar Warts
• Can Occur on the Soles of the Feet
• AKA: Verrucas
Kyle T.
Skin Cancers
• Melanoma
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most dangerous type of skin cancer
leading cause of death from skin disease
can also involve the colored part of the eye
caused by changes in cells called melanocytes
may begin as mole or other area that has changed in appearance
Risk higher for:
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Fair skin
Blue or green eyes
Red or blond hair
Sunny climates, excessive tanning, etc.
D.A.
Skin Cancer (continued)
• The ABCDE system helps you diagnose melanoma
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Asymmetry
Borders
Color
Diameter
Evolution
• Squamous Cell Skin Cancer
• Nonmelonoma Skin Cancer
• May occur in normal skin or injured skin
• Earliest form is called Bowen’s Disease
D.A.
Skin Cancer (continued)
• Risk Factors
• Light colored skin, blue or green eyes , blond or red hair
• Old age
• Chemical exposure
• Characterized by Growing Bumps with Rough Surface
• Only Treatment is Surgery
• Basal Cell
• Nonmelenoma Skin Cancer
• Most Common in People Over 40
• Risk Factors
• Light Colored or Freckled Skin
D.A.
Skin Cancer (continued)
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Blue, Green, or Grey Eyes
Blond or Red Hair
Overexposure to Radiation
Many Moles
• Symptoms
• Pearly of Waxy Skin
• White of Light Pink Flesh
• Only Treatment is Surgery
D.A.
Burns
• Three Types
• First Degree
• Damage to Outer Layer
• Second Degree
• Damage to Outer Layer and Layer Underneath
• Third Degree
• Damage or Destroy Deepest Layer of Skin
• Four Major Clinical Risks
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Shock
Dehydration
Infection
Pain
D.A.
D.A.
Skin Care
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No Way to Keep Skin From Aging
Loss of Elasticity of the Skin Is Sped Up by Sunlight
Bathe Everyday and Wash Your Hands Regularly
Keep Your Skin and Nails Clean to Prevent Infections .
Avoid Using Harsh Soaps
Apply Sunscreen Before You Go Outside.
Avoid Tanning Beds
Eat a Healthy Diet.
Consuming a Lot of Meats Can Contribute to Wrinkles .
Kyle T.
Dermatologist
• Specialized Physician
• M.D. That Specializes in the Integumentary System, It’s
Conditions, And Treatments
• Work In a Private Practice
• Education
• Same as All Physicians
• Four Years Undergraduate
• Four Years Medical School
• 3 to 8 Years Residency
• Residency Must Be Completed in Dermatology
M.F.
Dermatologist
• Licensure
• Standard United States Medical Licensure Examination (USMLE)
• Dermatology Boards
• Salary
• $55,200 to $187,000
• Schools in Tennessee
• Medical Schools
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University of Tennessee Knoxville
Vanderbilt University
ETSU – Quillen College of Medicine
Meharry College of Medicine
M.F.
Registered Nurse (RN)
• Job descriptions
• Responsible For
• Daily Care of Patients
• Administering Medication
• Setting IV/ Giving Shots
• Working Conditions
• Considerable Time Walking or Standing
• Work Days, Nights, and Holidays
• Work in Many Kinds of Clinical Settings
Registered Nurse (RN)
• Education
• At Least a Two-Year Associates Degree in Nursing
• Many Complete Bachelors, Masters, or Even Ph.D.
• Licensing
• Must Pass the National Council Licensure Exam (NCLEX)
• Salary
• Annual Rate
• $40,895 - $79,064
• Hourly Rate
• $19.80 - $36.28
L.C.
Registered Nurse (RN)
• Schools in Tennessee
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Carson Newman University
Belmont University
Cumberland University
ETSU
UTK
King College
Milligan College
TSU
Vanderbilt University
Walter State Community College
ETC.
L.C.
Clinical Procedure & Tools
• Preventing Decubitus Ulcers
• Rotating Patients Every Two Hours (Q2)
• Sponge-Bath
• Sheepskin Pads
• Absorb Moisture
• Reduce Friction
• Reduce Skin Tears and Bruises
• Foam Pads and Pillows
• Bridge Areas to Reduce Pressure
• Alternating-Pressure Mattress
M.F. & L.C.
Conclusion
While very complex in nature, the Integumentary System is an
essential part of the body and it’s functions. Equally complex is
the study of this system. However, the study of the
Integumentary System is a crucial building block of a medical
education.
Works Cited
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Bls.gov
Carreers.onestop.org
Ivy-rose.co/uk
Livestrong.com
Nursing Assistant (Tenth Edition) by Hagner, Acello, & Caldwell
Anatomy & Physiology (Seventh Edition) by Patton &
Thibodeau