Download Battle of the Bulge - Advance Placement US History

WWII Background
“The rise of leaders:”
• Fascists:
– Followers of a political philosophy that preached
that the nation and the race were more important
than the individual. (Even if that meant
killing/death of those who disagree)
• Totalitarian:--(Can also be a fascist)
– A dictator who was completely controlling of all
aspects of life.
– Examples: Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler
WWII Background
“The rise of leaders:”
• Benito Mussolini: (nicknamed II Duce)--Leader
– Fascist dictator from Italy.
– A wounded Italian veteran from WWI
– He was unhappy with Italy’s stance to try to remain
neutral during WWI and he felt this was not the way to
lead a country. (Italy was a socialist country during
WWI)
– He preached order and efficiency and promised Italy
to rule over the Mediterranean world.
WWII Background
“The rise of leaders:”
• Benito Mussolini:
– His followers were fascists.
• They threatened opposing political views to get people
to join their group.
• He used legal and “brutal” means to make Italy a 1
party country with him as the leader.
– Under his reign, Italy trains ran on time and
buildings were built, he was efficient.
– He also was a conqueror.
– 1936 he conquered the country of Ethiopia.
WWII Background
“The rise of leaders:”
• Adolf Hitler:
– Similar views to Mussolini
– He took the “workers party” and banded them
together and formed the National Socialist German
Workers Party……later named the Nazi Party
– Hitler claimed that Germany had too many social
classes.
• (Meaning too much of a difference between the rich and
poor)
– He was going to eliminate these class differences and
make all German’s strong and united.
WWII Background
“The rise of leaders:”
• Adolf Hitler:
– Hitler blamed the loss and economic problems of
Germany from WWI on the Jews and anyone who
wasn’t part of the Aryan race. (Blonde, blue eyed,
and German).
– 1 Day Hitler Research (Prior to 1939).
WWII Background
“The rise of leaders:”
• Adolf Hitler:
– 1929 depression hit Germany.
– Hitler promised to rebuild Germany and this
appealed to the people.
– He denounced the Treaty of Versailles (Saying
Germany would no longer follow it)
– 1932 German elections, Nazi party becomes the
most powerful party in Germany.
– 1933 Hitler becomes chancellor of Germany.
• (Head of Government…similar to Prime Minister)
WWII Background
“The rise of leaders:”
• Adolf Hitler:
– 1933 he persuades the German president to
suspend German civil rights.
– 1 month later, Hitler convinces the Reichstag
(German’s government) to allow Hitler to make
laws by himself.
– 1934 Hitler demands members of Germany’s
military swear allegiance to himself as a person
rather than Germany as a country.
WWII Background
“The rise of leaders:”
• Adolf Hitler:
– August 1934 the German president Paul von
Hindenburg dies
– Hitler then abolishes the office of President in
Germany.
• He never wanted to be called President out of respect for
Hindenburg
– He then declares himself Führer:
• Führer:
– Means leader of his party (Nazi) and the head of Government or
the Reich (Reichstag)
– This means he was now the totalitarian dictator
WWII Background
“The rise of leaders:”
• Adolf Hitler:
– Upon his renouncing the Treaty of Versailles he
sends armed troops into Germany’s Rhineland
(border of France)
• 1936, Mussolini and Hitler team up to help
Spain’s fascist leader Francisco Franco marking
the 1st Mussolini and Hitler alliance.
– (Later known as the Axis Powers)
– This is the start of the Axis powers march and
Hitler’s world domination plan.
WWII Background
• March 1938 Hitler annexed Austria by way of
force (Tanks and troops)
• September 1938 Hitler takes the southern
portion of Czechoslovakia
– Stating it was to unify the German people living
there under the German rule.
• Britain and France’s response was
“Appeasement”—Giving into Hitler’s
demands/actions in an attempt to avoid war.
WWII Background
• Munich Pact:
– September 1938:
– Meeting between Britain, France and Hitler.
(USA’s President_________) Supported this too.
– Agreement stating Britain and France wouldn’t
oppose Hitler’s taking of Czechoslovakia if Hitler
promised not to take all of Czechoslovakia and
Hitler agreed. He (Hitler) also promised he didn’t
have any other plans to take other parts of
Europe.
• He lied
WWII Background
• February 1939 Hitler takes the rest of
Czechoslovakia.
• August 1939, Hitler signs a “Non-Aggressive”
Pact with the Soviet Union.
– This stated that Germany wouldn’t attack the
Soviet Union and the Soviet Union wouldn’t attack
Germany.
– This freed up Hitler to pursue his domination over
the rest of Europe without fear of Soviet
intervention.
WWII Background
• September 1st 1939 Hitler sends tanks into
Poland and his Air force (The Luftwaffe) to
overtake Poland.
• Blitzkrieg:
– German term for all out war, ground, and air
attacks.
• September 4th 1939 Great Britain and France
Declare war on Germany.
– Appeasement no longer worked.
WWII Background
• Read Page 496-498 Rise of Militarism
• (Japan and Asia’s involvement prior to 1941.)
• Take your own “BRIEF” notes on the subject.
WW II
• April 1940 Hitler
invades and conquers
Denmark & Norway.
• Weeks later Germany
invades Belgium, the
Netherlands, and
Luxembourg.
WW II
• June 13th 1940 French leaders realized that a
German assault on Paris would be devastating
to the French so the French met with the
German leaders and agreed to voluntary hand
over Paris.
• June 14th German troops march into a very
empty Paris.
WW II
• June 22nd 1940, France surrenders to Hitler.
• Hitler then turns his attention to Britain.
• Britain’s air force was much more prepared
and efficient. They shot down many German
planes. Hitler then decided to bomb London
at night.
– Winston Churchill (Britain’s Prime Minister)
pleaded America for help.
WW II
• U.S.A. and FDR had to respond.
• There were 2 thoughts about the War in
Europe among Americans.
– Interventionism: Sending as much support to
Britain as possible without declaring war on
Germany.
– Isolationism: Staying completely out of the war
and being neutral.
WW II
• FDR decided on a course of action in 1940 and
early 1941.
• He sold/gave 50 outdated/old American
destroyers to Britain.
– Britain in exchange gave the US the rights to
establish military bases in Newfoundland,
Bermuda, and Guyana. (All British territories)
• September 16th 1940, FDR signs the Selective
Training and Service Act.
WW II
• Selective Training and Service Act: (1940)
– 1st peacetime draft in American History
– Required all males ages 18-35 to register for the draft.
• Once the USA officially entered WWII they changed the
registration to ages 18-65. (Although 18-45 were only
subject to military service)--- Explain.
– Your draft service was supposed to be for 12 months
only. Later it was lengthened.
– Many soldiers painted the letters O H I O on their
barrack walls. (Over the Hill In October) meaning at
the end of their 12 month stint they were deserting.
• All of this was prior to Pearl Harbor
WW II
• 1940 Presidential Election:
• FDR (D) vs. Wendell Willkie (R)
• FDR wins in another landslide marking the 1st
(and only) time someone has been elected to
the Presidency 3x.
• FDR’s campaign stance was “This country is
NOT going to war”
– 1 year later we have no choice.
WW II
• Lend-Lease Bill: (March 1941)
– Pushed for by FDR.
– Stated that the USA would Lend or Lease military
equipment to Britain to help them fight the war.
– Said it was in our best interest to do so to prevent
us from having to actually GO to war.
– 80% of the US population agreed.
– Over $ 50 Billion went to Britain under this Bill.
– We were at war with Germany (economically)
WW II
• Germany’s response to the Lend-Lease program
was they sank American and British supply ships
in the Atlantic Ocean.
• FDR then authorized American Warships to
“escort” these British supply ships.
• September 4th 1941 Germany then fired upon the
USS Greer, (American destroyer).
– Known as the “Greer Incident”
– FDR ordered the Navy to shoot all Axis vessels on
sight!
WW II
• October 1941:
– German U-Boats torpedo’s the USS Kearny and
the USS Ruben James.
• U.S. still didn’t go to war yet.
– Previously in June 1941, Germany launches an
attack against the Soviet Union, (Breaking the
_____________)
– USA extends the Lend-Lease agreement to the
Soviets.
• The attack on the Soviets helped ease the war against
the British.
WW II
• Tripartite Pact:
– September 27th, 1940
– Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, Imperial Japan sign a
pact to join forces.
– It was to last for 10 years
– Strengthened the Axis powers
– Read page 504-505 Japanese Threat
Increases
– Read pages 506-508 “Pearl Harbor”
WW II
• Dec 8th 1941, the USA Declares War against
Japan. (3 days later Germany and Italy do as
well)
WW II
U.S.A. Involvement
• Over 15 million American Men served in WWII
• The U.S. Military was NOT desegregated.
• Native American soldiers were known as “CodeTalkers” we utilized their Navajo language in
coded messages.
WW II
• Battle of Stalingrad: (Russia)
– 1942-1943
– Lasted 5 months
– Germany ended up losing this battle. (very cold)
– Soviets had to basically fight the Germans alone.
• Stalin never forgot this
– This halted the German advancement East.
WW II
U.S.A. & Allies Involvement
• North Africa: 1943
– USA and British fight in Morocco and Algeria
– Allies are victorious.
– Stops Hitler’s expansion south.
– Military bases are established here.
• Sicily (Italy): 1943
– Allies invade
– September 8th 1943 Italy submits it’s
unconditional surrender to the Allies.
WW II
U.S.A. & Allies Involvement
• Germany refused to give up Italy.
• June 4th 1944, Rome was finally freed from
German control.
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Operation Overlord:
Commonly called D-Day
June 6th 1944
Normandy, France (Omaha Beach)
American General Dwight D. Eisenhower was one
of the leaders of this offensive.
WW II
U.S.A. & Allies Involvement
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Operation Overlord----D-Day
D-Day 6/6/44
D-Day Normandy - 6th June 1944 – SPR
175,000 allied forces came ashore in
Normandy, France. (Almost 4000
killed/wounded)
This would be the beginning of the end for
German occupation of France.
WW II
U.S.A. & Allies Involvement
• August 25th 1944 Americans & French troops
liberated Paris (freed it from German control)
• Soon Luxembourg, Belgium, and all of France
were back under Allied control.
• Hitler was reeling backwards. (Losing ground
and losing the war)
WW II
U.S.A. & Allies Involvement
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Battle of the Bulge
December 16th 1944 to January 25th 1945
Took place mostly in the Ardennes Forrest of
Belgium.
Hitler’s final offensive battle.
WWII in HD: Battle of the Bulge
Germany’s goal was to split the American and
British forces in half and capture Antwerp and
then circle around and surround the remaining
armies and secure a surrender treaty with the
Allies to focus more on the Eastern Front.
WW II
U.S.A. & Allies Involvement
Battle of the Bulge
• The German attack caught the Allies by
surprise.
– Very little radio contact about this plan
– Germany equipment and men were moved at
night
– Germany launched the attack during poor
weather which grounded our superior air force
attack. (We were caught way off guard)
WW II
U.S.A. & Allies Involvement
Battle of the Bulge
• The northern border was different.
– Germans had planned on 2 main towns with access
roads for supplies to maintain their offensive. (We
blocked those 2 roads)
– U.S. General George S. Patton came in with the 3rd
Army to help reinforce the situation.
– Planes were now able to fly.
• Germany was in trouble now.
– January 25th 1945 the final German armies pulled
back.
WW II
U.S.A. & Allies Involvement
Battle of the Bulge
• Over 1 million men fought in this battle (total)
• Just over 500,000 Americans
• Casualty estimates from the battle vary widely.
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–
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American casualties are listed between 70,000-81,000
British approximately 1,400
German casualties at between 60,000 and 105,000.
More than 100,000 German soldiers were taken
prisoner.
– In addition, 800 tanks were lost on each side, and
more than 1,000 German aircraft were destroyed.
WW II
WW II
Holocaust
• Read pages 511-512 out loud
– Orally explain medical experiments.
– Show my picture slides from Dachau
– Pass around pictures.
WW II
Germany’s End in Sight
• Soviets start to push the Nazi’s west back
toward Germany in 1944.
– Soviets pushed the Nazi’s out of Austria and
Czechoslovakia.
• They also did this to flex the Soviet muscles from any
Allies (France/USA/Britain) from attempting to control
those areas.
• Soviets retook Poland and the US Came up
from Italy and Western France.
WW II
Germany’s End in Sight
• April 12th 1945 FDR dies in office. Harry S.
Truman takes over the Presidency.
• April 16th-20th The Soviets had surrounded Berlin.
– Battle of Berlin reading
• April 30th Hitler commits suicide.
• May 7th 1945, Germany unconditionally
surrenders to the Allied forces.
• Animated Map WWII European Summary
WWII Asian Theater
• Read Page 513-515 on The Asian Theater
– Take your own notes on this aspect
• Read Page 516-519 on Dropping the Atomic
Bomb
– Take your own notes on this reading
• Pass out the 2 reading of Dropping of bombs
on Hiroshima and Nagasaki (possibly after the worksheet is collected)
USA Running Japan
• As part of the Japan Surrender Treaty signed on the USS
Missouri, Japan came under allied control.
 Dwight Eisenhower as supreme controller of the allied
occupational powers controlled Japan during the occupation for
approximately 8 months!
 Japanese Sign Final Surrender
 Soviets, Poland, and Czechoslovakia opposed this plan and
refused to sign the treaty
 April 28th 1952 US officially ended the war with Japan and ALSO
ended the US Occupation of Japan