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Lectures 12-14
Muscular System
10-1
Properties of Muscle
• ______________________
– Ability of a muscle to shorten with force
• ______________________
– Capacity of muscle to respond to a stimulus
• ______________________
– Muscle can be stretched to its normal resting length and
beyond to a limited degree
• ______________________
– Ability of muscle to recoil to original resting length
after stretched
9-2
General Principles of Muscles
• Tendons: Attach muscles to bones
– ________________________________: A very broad tendon
• Muscles
– _______________________________________: Muscle end
attached to more stationary of two bones
– _______________________________________: Muscle end
attached to bone with greatest movement
– Belly: Largest portion of the muscle between origin and
insertion
– Agonist (prime mover): Muscle causing an action when it
contracts
– Antagonist: A muscle working in opposition to agonist
– Synergists: Muscles that work together to cause a movement
• ___________________: Stabilize joint/s crossed by the prime mover
9-3
Muscle Shapes
Table 10.5
9-4
Muscle Shapes
Table 10.5
9-5
• Example - extensor
carpi radialis
longus
Fig. 10.14
9-6
Points to Remember
• Skeletal muscles have many shapes and in
each instance contraction of the muscle
tissue causes body movements through their
attachments to the skeleton or beneath the
skin.
• Understanding the meaning of the parts of a
muscle name helps one to learn the muscle.
9-7
Axial Muscles
10-8
Muscles of the Neck
Superficial
Deep
Deep
Deeper
Semispinalis capitis
Sternocleidomastoid
Mylohyoid
Digastric
Anterior belly
Geniohyoid
Posterior belly
Hyoid bone
Splenius capitis
Semispinalis capitis (cut)
Splenius capitis (cut)
Levator scapulae
Sternocleidomastoid
Trapezius
Fig. 11.10
Clavicle
Fig. 11.8
Anterolateral Neck Muscles
• ________________________
• One or both may contract
Posterior Neck Muscles
• Semispinalis capitis, Splenius
capitis, ____________________
10-9
Muscles of Facial Expression
Superficial
Deep
Frontal belly of
occipitofrontalis
Temporalis
Orbicularis oculi
Levator labii
superioris
Zygomaticus
Orbicularis oculi
Levator labii superioris
Masseter
Zygomaticus
Buccinator
Depressor labii inferioris
Orbicularis oris
Orbicularis oris
Platysma
Elevators
• _______________________,
Occipitofrontalis, Zygomaticus
Depressors
• Depressor labii inferioris,
_________________________
Depressor labii inferioris
Platysma
Other actions
Fig. 11.2
• ________________________,
Orbicularis oculi,
_________________________
10-10
Muscles of Facial Expression
10-11
Muscles of Facial Expression
Fig. 11.3
10-12
Muscles of Mastication
Fig. 11.5
Major Muscles
Temporalis:
Origin - temporal lines of parietal
Insertion - ___________________
• Temporalis and Masseter
Masseter:
Origin - _____________________
Insertion - lateral side of mandible10-13
Hyoid Muscles
Superficial
Deep
Digastric
Anterior belly
Posterior belly
Mylohyoid
Mylohyoid
Digastric
Anterior belly
Posterior belly
Geniohyoid
Hyoid bone
Clavicle
Fig. 11.8
Actions of hyoid muscles
• move mandible and hyoid
10-14
Trunk Muscles - Muscles of
Vertebral Column
Deep
Deeper
Semispinalis
Iliocostalis
Erector spinae
Longissimus
Spinalis
Multifidus
Fig. 11.11
• Erector spinae: (Iliocostalis, Longissimus, Spinalis)
• Semispinalis (___________________________________)
• Multifidus
• Interspinalis
Actions:
10-15
• Extension, rotation, and ____________________________________of the back
Muscles of Respiration
Inhalation:
• ________________
is primary muscle of
inspiration (depresses
floor of thoracic
cavity)
• _________________
elevate ribs
Fig. 11.13
Exhalation:
• _________________
depress ribs
10-16
Appendicular Muscles
10-17
Muscles That Move the Pectoral
Girdle
Fig. 12.4
Elevation - levator scapulae,
trapezius (__________________),
Origin - axial skeleton
Insertion - ___________________ rhomboids
____________________________ Depression - trapezius
(__________________________),
10-18
pectoralis minor
Muscles That Move the
Glenohumeral Joint/Arm
Pectoralis major
(_________________shoulder)
and Latissimus dorsi
(_________________shoulder)
• ________________________
Fig. 12.4
10-19
Muscles of The Arm
Fig. 12.5
Rotator cuff
• Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus,
Teres minor, Subscapularis
Deltoid
• ________________of shoulder
• antagonist of Pectoralis major
and Latissimus dorsi
10-20
Arm and Forearm Muscles
Fig. 12.7
Flexors on anterior side of
humerus
• Biceps brachii, Brachialis
• _______________________is
a synergist in elbow flexion
Fig. 12.8
Extensors on posterior side of
humerus
• __________________________
10-21
Forearm Muscles Acting on
Wrist and Hand
Fig. 12.11
Pronation - Pronator teres
Supination - Supinator & __________________________________
Flexors of wrist - Flexor carpi radialis & Flexor carpi ulnaris,
__________________________________________________
10-22
Forearm Muscles Acting on
Wrist and Hand
Fig. 12.13
Extensors of wrist - extensor carpi radialis & extensor carpi ulnaris,
____________________________________________
10-23
Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle
Gluteus maximus
Fig. 12.15
• ________________of the thigh
• backswing of leg during walking
• lift of leg when climbing stairs
• generates most force when thigh is flexed to trunk at __________ 10-24
Muscles of the Knee Joint/Leg
Fig. 12.17
Fig. 12.18
Iliopsoas
• _______________of thigh
Adductors
• adductor of thigh
• ________________________thigh
Quadriceps femoris
Hamstrings
• prime ___________of knee • flex knee
10-25
• attaches to tibial tuberosity • extends thigh with Gluteus maximus
Muscles of the Leg
Fig. 12.21
Fig. 12.22
Gastrocnemius & Soleus
• attach to _________________________by
calcaneal tendon
• ______________________foot
10-26
Points to Remember
• Muscles of the face move the skin rather than a
joint allowing a vast range of facial expressions
• Muscles that move the mandible are also known
as muscles of mastication because they provide
the chewing action
• Complexity of muscles of the vertebral column
required for flexibility and maintaining posture
10-27
Points to Remember
• Muscles that move the pectoral girdle also
stabilize it
• Muscles that move the humerus originate from the
scapula and axial skeleton
• Muscles of the forearm that act as flexors and
extensors are organized into flexor (anterior) and
extensor (posterior) groups
• Most muscles that move the femur originate from
the pelvic girdle
• Muscles that move the femur and tibia and fibula
are organized into extensor (anterior), flexor
(posterior) and adductor (medial) groups
10-28
Questions?
10-29