Download Troposphere

Week#29, 2013-14
Wednesday, April 16
ESSENTIAL
QUESTION
Quotation
to relate to science or life
Copy first, then respond.
Today
Homework►
Announcements,
Questions???, Review
Students’ Objective
Teacher presents.
Students do.
EQ: Tropical snakes make tea with Iono and Exo. What
does it mean?
“Oh, what a tangled web we weave / When first we practice
to deceive!”—Sir Walter Scott
Homework: SRA booklet #___ due tomorrow.
A, Q, R
report cards
Obj. 7.E.1 Atmosphere, Weather, Climate
atmosphere notes / demonstrations
Finish atmosphere guided notes
15-minute video notes.
Fill out SRA log (pink sheet, record #1)
End of stamping
Get your stamp in 5 minutes.
expanded answer
mnemonic
•
•
•
•
exo
iono
tea:
make
snakes
Tropical
•
•
•
•
thermosphere:
mesosphere
Stratosphere
Troposphere
exosphere
ionosphere
2
Week#29, 2013-14
ESSENTIAL
QUESTION
Quotation
to relate to science or life
Copy first, then respond.
Today
Homework►
Announcements,
Questions???, Review
Students’ Objective
Teacher presents.
Students do.
Thursday, April 17
EQ: What are three ways that energy can be transferred to
popcorn in order to pop it?
“What goes around comes around.”—proverb
Homework: SRA make-up if necessary.
A, Q, R
Obj. 7.E.1 Atmosphere, Weather, Climate
atmosphere notes / demonstrations
Update SRA log (pink sheet, record #1)
Mark due dates for 47, 36, 37, 38
End of stamping
Get your stamp in 5 minutes.
expanded answer
3 methods of popping
• conduction
• convection
• radiation
4
Atmosphere
and the
Big Four
Systems
of Our
Earth
See your
Atmosphere Guided Notes.
5
Composition of Earth

Earth has 4 interactive systems:
Earth’s
systems
Atmosphere
Hydrosphere
Biosphere
Geosphere
Air/gases
water
life
land/rock
6
The Atmosphere– layer of gas that surrounds
Earth, more commonly known as air.
7
Composition of Earth’s Atmosphere
atmosphere
 Mostly Nitrogen and Oxygen
 Has layers
 Protects us from meteors and
comets, x-rays, gamma rays, ultra
violet light
 Water vapor is responsible for
clouds and precipitation
 Composition is almost constant
EXCEPT for water (from 0 to 5%
--not shown in the pie chart above)
8
Atmosphere.
How do you know it’s there?






Is this air that surrounds us considered to be matter?
Does it weigh anything? How do you know?
Think about it and decide on answers.
Talk in groups if assigned by teacher.
Be ready to tell the class what you decided and why.
Don’t start cooperative group work unless you know
and follow group rules.
Any questions?
9
Weight of the atmosphere



Gases are in the
atmosphere.
Their elements are
listed in the periodic
table: Nitrogen,
Oxygen, Carbon
Dioxide, Hydrogen
Air is matter!


Sound can travel
through it.
It has volume and mass.
10
Even though you can’t see them,
atoms make up gases.


Are some atoms bigger than others?
Are their atomic weights all the same?
11
Helium vs. Carbon Dioxide
Do you think of helium
as light and floating or
heavy and falling?
Do you think about
Carbon Dioxide as light
and floating or heavy
and falling? Think about
the gas released from
dry ice--does it go up or
down?
http://jp.youtube.com/watc
h?v=F239cINIADs
12
Troposphere, Water, and Clouds




Among other gases, there is water vapor in the
troposphere. The amount varies.
You cannot see water vapor.
Clouds form when air rises, cools to its dew point,
and becomes saturated with water vapor.
Water changes state. Bits of liquid and solid
water can remain suspended in air.
13
 Precipitation-falling
water in
the form of rain, freezing rain,
sleet, snow, or hail
14
Water Cycle Demonstration
(involves redistribution of water)
15
So water changes state. Why does
that matter so much?
Changing state:
 Redistributes fresh water all over Earth
http://earthguide.ucsd.edu/earthguide/diagrams/watercycle/

Causes much wind!

Models of these phenomena will be demonstrated now,
if possible. Try to figure out how they represent Earth.
16
Water Vapor Demonstration
(involves huge change in volume)
17
Composition of Earth’s atmosphere
The Atmosphere
Exosphere
 layers


Thermosphere




Exosphere
Ionosphere
Mesosphere
Stratosphere
Troposphere
What is below the
troposphere?
geosphere (solid Earth)

18
Layers of the Atmosphere
Turn over to page 2
of your Guided Notes
handout, half way
down the page.
Fill in the graphic
organizer as you
learn.
(Exosphere)--
Thermosphere--
Mesosphere--
Stratosphere--
Troposphere
19
Where does the troposphere fit in?

Earth’s 4 main systems:

The Atmosphere
 Troposphere



Exosphere
Contains most clouds and weather.
Temperature cools as you go higher;
~50% of sun’s energy enters, 50% is
reflected back.
Most of the troposphere’s heat has
bounced back from Earth (mostly
from convection)
Stratosphere
 Mesosphere
 Thermosphere
The Hydrosphere
The Biosphere
The Geosphere




20
Atmosphere
(Exosphere)
Thermosphere--
Write
it
here
.
Mesosphere--
Stratosphere--
Contains most clouds and weather.
Temperature cools as you go higher;
50% of sun’s energy passes through, 50% is reflected back.
Most of the troposphere’s heat is from Earth (convection)
Troposphere--
21
Troposphere and Weather
(Turn back to p. 1)


Weather—the atmosphere’s condition in terms of
temperature, cloud cover, wind speed and
direction, humidity, and air pressure.
What are different types of weather? (You tell me.)
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________
22
Earth’s Weather
in the Troposphere
Temperature—a measure of how fast air
molecules are moving.



When molecules are moving rapidly, temperature is
high.
Celsius and Fahrenheit thermometers measure air
temperature.
23
Earth’s Weather
in the Troposphere




What is the temperature like today?
Hot/ Cold ______________________
Degrees Fahrenheit_______________
Degrees Celsius _________________


http://www.weather.com/weather/hourbyhour/graph/WinstonSalem+NC+27104:4:US
Energy is transferred between fast-moving
molecules and slower-moving molecules.
24
Earth’s Weather in the Troposphere
Energy is transferred by:

Conduction—transfer of energy when
molecules collide, e.g. from hot pavement
to your bare feet.
Give an example of something heating up due to
conduction.

Convection, which occurs from moving fluids,
as when warm air rises and cool air sinks, e.g.

Give an example of something heating up due to
convection.


Radiation—transfer of energy by waves
or rays, e.g. sun warming your face.

Includes light, microwaves, and heat.

Heat is infrared radiation.
25
Conduction,
convection,
radiation
are all
occurring
here. Can
you identify
them?
26
3 methods of popping



conduction
convection
radiation
27
Earth’s Weather
in the Troposphere
Air pressure— the weight of air. Since air is a
fluid, the weight pushes in all directions, not
just down.





Air pressure varies from one place to another
Warmer air is less dense and exerts less pressure.
Cooler air is more dense and exerts more pressure.
Works just like other fluids, such as water.
28
Air Pressure Demonstration or Discussion
—Write about what you learned.
29


Humidity— the amount of water vapor in the
air
Temperature affects humidity
30



Dewpoint—temperature at which the air is
holding as much water vapor as it can
(What happens when temperature drops?)
Relative humidity— a measure of the amount
of water vapor present compared to the amount
that could be held at a specific temperature.
31
THAT WAS ALL ABOUT THE
TROPOSPHERE!


Let’s cover the
other layers
briefly.
Fill in information
about each layer as
we come to it.
Atmosphere
(Exosphere)
Thermosphere--
Mesosphere--
Stratosphere--
Troposphere
32
Altitude
and
temperature
What does
this mean?
33
Composition of Earth’s atmosphere

Earth Has 4 main systems
that interact:

The Atmosphere


Troposphere
Stratosphere








10 km to 50 km
contains ozone (the ozone layer)
that absorbs much of the Sun’s
ultraviolet radiation.
Gets warmer as you go up!
Mesosphere
Thermosphere
The Hydrosphere
The Biosphere
The Geosphere
34
Atmosphere
(Exosphere)
Thermosphere--
Mesosphere-
Stratosphere--10 km to 50 km
Contains ozone, which absorbs much of Sun’s ultraviolet radiation.
Gets warmer as you go up.
Troposphere--Contains most clouds and weather. Most
of the troposphere’s heat is from Earth. Temperature cools
about 6.5 degrees Celsius per kilometer of altitude.
35
Composition of Earth’s atmosphere

Earth Has 4 main systems
that interact:

The Atmosphere
 Troposphere
 Stratosphere
 Mesosphere

50-85 km
The coldest part of the
atmosphere (to -90°C)
Gets colder as you go up.

Thermosphere





The Hydrosphere
The Biosphere
The Geosphere
36
Atmosphere
(Exosphere)
Thermosphere--
Mesosphere- 50-85 km, The coldest part of the
atmosphere (to -90°C)
Gets colder as altitude gets higher.
Stratosphere--10 km to 50 km ,
contains ozone that
absorbs much of the Sun’s ultraviolet radiation.
Gets warmer as you go up.
Troposphere--Contains most clouds and weather. Most
of the troposphere’s heat is from Earth Temperature cools
about 6.5 degrees Celsius per kilometer of altitude.
37
Composition of
Earth’s atmosphere

Earth has 4 main interactive systems:
1. The Atmosphere




Troposphere
Stratosphere
Mesosphere
Thermosphere




80-500 km
Temperatures increase up to 1,700°C
Filters out x-rays and gamma rays from
the sun.
This is an image of the space shuttle as it
is orbiting around the Earth. The space
shuttle orbits in the thermosphere of the
Earth.
2. The Hydrosphere
3. The Biosphere
4. The Geosphere
38
Atmosphere
(Exosphere)
Thermosphere-- 80-500 km, Temperatures increase up to 1,700°C.
Filters out x-rays and gamma rays from the sun.
The space shuttle orbits in the thermosphere.
Mesosphere--The temperature drops when you go higher, like
it does in the troposphere. Coldest part of the atmosphere
Stratosphere--from 10 km to 50 km above Earth’s
surface, this layer contains ozone that absorbs much of Sun’s
ultraviolet radiation.
Troposphere--Contains most clouds and weather., Most of the
troposphere’s heat is from Earth, Temperature cools about 6.5 degrees
Celsius per kilometer of altitude.
39
Thermosphere:





Ionosphere
Ionosphere is the inner part of the thermosphere
a layer of electrically charged particles
This layer allows radio waves to travel across the
country to another city.
www.blo ust.com/henley
http://earthguide.ucsd.edu/earthguide/diagrams
/atmosphere/index.html
40
Thermosphere: Exosphere






The outer part of the thermosphere
The last layer of the atmosphere
Difficult to tell where it stops and space begins
Very few molecules in this layer of the atmosphere
Temperature gets higher with higher altitude (e.g.
17,000 degrees C)
But if we could visit, it would not feel hot. Why is
that?
41
Atmosphere
(Exosphere)-The outer part of the thermosphere. Difficult
to tell where it stops and space begins, Very few atoms in this
layer of the atmosphere. Higher altitude~higher temperature.
Ionosphere: the inner part of the thermosphere

a layer of electrically charged particles
within the mesosphere and thermosphere

This layer allows radio waves to travel.
Thermosphere-- The air is really thin that high up. The
temperature changes with the solar activity. If the sun is active,
temperatures in the thermosphere can get up to 1,500°C or higher!
High temperature, but would not feel hot if we could visit. (Why?)
Mesosphere--The temperature drops when you go higher, like
it does in the troposphere. Coldest part of the atmosphere
Stratosphere--from 10 km to 50 km above Earth’s
surface, this layer contains ozone that absorbs much of the
Sun’s ultraviolet radiation.
Troposphere--Contains most clouds and weather., Most
of the troposphere’s heat is from Earth, Temperature cools
about 6.5 degrees Celsius per kilometer of altitude.
42
Atmosphere
(Exosphere)-The outer part of the thermosphere. Difficult
to tell where it stops and space begins, Very few atoms in this
layer of the atmosphere. Higher altitude~higher temperature.
Ionosphere: the inner part of the thermosphere

a layer of electrically charged particles
within the mesosphere and thermosphere

This layer allows radio waves to travel.
Thermosphere– Thin air.
Temperature rises as you go higher.
Usually divided into ionosphere and exosphere.
Mesosphere--The temperature drops when you go higher, like
it does in the troposphere. Coldest part of the atmosphere.
Stratosphere—contains the ozone that absorbs much of
the Sun’s ultraviolet radiation. Some jet planes fly here.
Troposphere--Contains most clouds and weather. Most
of the troposphere’s heat is from Earth, which is why
temperature cools as you go higher. We live here.
43
Go back to the top of p. 1:
one reason the magnetosphere is important



The Sun spits out hazardous stuff that we call
solar wind—charged particles and ions, globs of
plasma, and other hazardous-to-life things.
The magnetic field around Earth deflects the solar
winds around the Earth.
(In other words, the magnetosphere protects us
from solar winds.)
44
Key Terms—Identify each. In this case,
identify means write something important.
 gas
 dew point
 liquid
 saturate
 solid
 element
 weight
 conduction
 pressure
 convection
 fluid
 radiation
 vapor
45
Any questions?
46