Download Chapter 9 Practice Questions

Biology 2121 - Practice Questions - Chapter 9
Name___________________________________
MATCHING. Choose the item in column 2 that best matches each item in column 1.
Match the following:
1) A high percentage are found in
marathon runners.
2) Abundant in muscles used to
maintain posture.
A) Slow (oxidative), fatigue-resistant fibers
1) _______
B) Fast (oxidative or glycolytic), fatigable
2) _______
fibers
3) Contain abundant amounts of
3) _______
glycogen.
4) Red fibers, the smallest of the fiber
4) _______
types.
5) Have very fast-acting myosin
5) _______
ATPases and depend upon
anaerobic metabolism during
contraction.
6) Depends on oxygen delivery and
6) _______
aerobic mechanisms.
Match the following:
7) The stimulus above which no
stronger contraction can be elicited,
because all motor units are firing in
the muscle.
A) Multiple motor unit summation
7) _______
B) Wave summation
8) The phenomenon in which the
C) Treppe
8) _______
contraction strength of a muscle
increases, due to increased enzyme
efficiency during the warm-up.
D) Maximal stimulus
9) Continued sustained smooth
9) _______
contraction due to rapid stimulation.
E) Tetanus
10) The situation in which contractions
10) ______
become stronger due to a rapid
stimulation rate. Partial relaxation
occurs between contractions.
11) How a smooth increase in muscle
forc e is
produced.
11)
____
__
Match the following:
12) A sarcomere is the distance between
two ________.
A) I band
12) ______
13) The ________ contains only the actin
B) Z discs
13) ______
A) Myosin
14) ______
B) A band
15) ______
filaments.
14) The thicker filaments are the
________ filaments.
15) Both actin and myosin are found in
the ________.
16) The myosin filaments are located in
16) ______
the ________.
Match the following:
17) Serves as the actual "trigger" for
muscle contraction by removing the
inhibition of the troponin molecules.
A) Creatine phosphate
17) ______
B) Calcium ions
18) A neurotransmitter substance
18) ______
released at motor end plates by the
axonal endings.
C) Acetylcholinesterase
19) A metabolic pathway that provides
D) Aerobic respiration
19) ______
for a large amount of ATP per
glucose because oxygen is used.
Products are water and carbon
dioxide and ATP.
E) Acetylcholine
20) Normally stored in the terminal
20) ______
cisternae.
21) Used to convert ADP to ATP by
transfer of a high-energy phosphate
group. A reserve high-energy
compound.
21) ______
22) Destroys ACh.
22) ______
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the
question.
23) Only ________ muscle cells are multinucleated.
23) ____________
24) Claudication might more simply be called ________.
24) ____________
25) The end of the muscle that moves when a muscle contracts is called the ________.
25) ____________
26) In the synaptic cleft of a neuromuscular junction, ________ is always present.
26) ____________
27) The time in which cross bridges are active is called the period of ________.
27) ____________
28) ________ (color) fibers are slow (oxidative) fibers.
28) ____________
29) Only ________ muscle cells branch.
29) ____________
30) A smooth, sustained contraction is called ________.
30) ____________
31) Define muscle fatigue.
31) ____________
32) What is the relationship that occurs in the triad of a skeletal muscle cell?
32) ____________
33) What are caveoli?
33) ____________
ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.
34) Gary was injured in an automobile accident that severed the motor neurons innervating his quadriceps.
Even though he has had extensive physical therapy, he is still suffering muscle atrophy. Why is the therapy
not working?
35) Aaron arrived at the hospital with the following symptoms: drooping eyelids; fatigue and weakness of his
muscles; and difficulty talking, breathing, and swallowing. What was his diagnosis?
36) After removal of an elbow cast, Lauren noticed her arm was immovable. What happened to her arm?
37) A patient has no peristalsis in the gastrointestinal tract. Explain a possible complication of this condition.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
A
A
B
A
B
A
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
D
C
E
B
A
12)
13)
14)
15)
16)
B
A
A
B
B
17)
18)
19)
20)
21)
22)
B
E
D
B
A
C
23) skeletal
24) limping
25) insertion
26) acetylcholinesterase
27) contraction
28) Red
29) cardiac
30) tetanus
31) Fatigue occurs when ATP production fails to keep pace with ATP use even though the muscle still receives stimuli.
32) The sarcoplasmic reticulum is a reservoir for calcium ions in the cell's normal resting state. The T tubule is a fold in
the cell membrane between the sarcoplasmic reticuli. When an impulse is activated by a nerve, the polarity of the
cell membrane reverses and repels the calcium ions that would otherwise be attracted to the the T tubule. The
calcium ions are flushed out where they interact with the troponin complex to initiate a contraction. Once the axon
stops firing, the membrane polarity is quickly restored and the calcium ions are pulled off the troponin and
attracted back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
33) Folds on the surface of smooth muscle cells that correspond to T tubules in skeletal muscle cells.
34) In denervation atrophy, fibrous connective tissue replaces the muscle tissue that was lost. When atrophy is
complete, fibrous tissue cannot be reversed to muscle tissue.
35) Aaron probably has myasthenia gravis (an autoimmune disease), which involves a shortage of ACh receptors at the
neuromuscular junction.
36) Two things have occurred to Lauren while she was convalescing from her injury. First, the immobilization of the
arm caused some muscle mass to atrophy. Second, the loss of muscle was replaced with tough connective tissue
that locked her arm in place. With therapy the tissue can be stretched or torn enough to return the full range of
motion.
37) Peristalsis is wavelike movement produced by the circular and longitudinal muscle fibers of the intestinal walls that
propels the intestinal contents forward. Without peristalsis, the patient would be unable to expel their stool,
leading to intestinal obstruction.