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The Pledge of
Allegiance
Created By: Cristina Grossu
Los Angeles, California
United States Flag Code
• According to the United States Flag Code, the Pledge
of Allegiance reads:
I pledge allegiance to the flag of the
United States of America, and to the republic
for which it stands, one nation under God,
indivisible, with liberty, and justice for all.
•Summer 1892: Originally written by
Francis Bellamy
•October 12, 1982: Pledge first recited
in unison in public during the first day
of NYC Columbus Day celebrations
HistoryTimeline
•October 21, 1982: Public school
children across country recite pledge
•1923: National Flag Conference called
to change “my flag” to “the flag of the
United States”
•1942: Adopted by Congress as official
pledge with specified changes
•1954: Words “under God” added
Francis Bellamy
• Written in 1892
• Published in a September 8th issue of a popular children’s
magazine, The Youths Companion
• Original pledge read:
• 1982: I pledge allegiance to my Flag and the Republic for which it stands,
one nation indivisible, with liberty and justice for all.
• Event was conceived as a campaign to instill the idea of
American nationalism by selling flags to public schools
• First used in public schools on October 12, 1892 during
Columbus Day observances
Alterations
• “My Flag” was changed
to “the Flag of the United
States of America” in
1923
Students swearing the Pledge on
Flag Day in 1899
• Changed so new
immigrants would not
confuse their birth
country with the
United States
• Words “of America”
were added a year later
June 22, 1942: I pledge allegiance to the flag of the United States of America, and to
the republic for which it stands, one nation indivisible, with liberty and justice for all
Further Alterations
•1954: In response to the Communist threat of the times, President
Eisenhower encouraged Congress to add the words “under God”
“I pledge allegiance to the flag of the United States of America, and to
the republic for which it stands, one nation under God, indivisible, with
liberty and justice for all.”
• The pledge should be
rendered:
Proper Salute
“by standing at
attention facing the flag
with the right hand over
the heart. When not in
uniform men should
remove any non-religious
headdress with their right
hand and hold it at the left
shoulder, the hand being
over the heart. Persons in
uniform should remain
silent, face the flag, and
render the military salute.”
I pledge allegiance to the flag of
the United States of America, and
to the republic for which it
stands, one nation under God,
indivisible, with liberty, and justice
for all.
Citations
Baer, John. "The Pledge of Allegiance - A Short History." Old Photographs and
Postcards of Martha's Vineyard, Nantucket, and More. 1992. Web. 25 Oct. 2011.
<http://oldtimeislands.org/pledge/pledge.htm>.
Hornback, Brandy. Sailors Pledge Allegiance to the National Ensign during a Memorial
Service for Victims of September 11 Held aboard USS Harry S. Truman. 2002.
Photograph. US Navy. US Navy. 11 Sept. 2002. Web. 25 Oct. 2011.
<http://www.navy.mil/view_single.asp?id=2649>.
Price, RG. Students Reciting the Pledge of Allegiance in School on Flag Day in 1899. 2004.
Photograph. Fascism Part II: The Rise of American Fascism. 15 May 2004. Web. 25
Oct. 2011.
<http://www.rationalrevolution.net/articles/rise_of_american_fascism.htm>.
"The Pledge of Allegiance.” www.ushistory.org. 1995. Web. 25 Oct. 2011. <http://
www.ushistory.org/documents/pledge.htm>.