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The Practice Of The Early Church
THE LORD’S SUPPER:
A HOLY MEAL
www.NTRF.org
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Part One:
A Feast Focused on the Future
Luke 22 & Acts 2
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Catholic: Transubstantiation
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Catholic: Transubstantiation
Lutheran: Consubstantiation
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Catholic: Transubstantiation
Lutheran: Consubstantiation
Baptist: Memorial View
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Catholic: Transubstantiation
Lutheran: Consubstantiation
Baptist: Memorial View
Reformed: Spiritual Presence
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And God said, "This is the sign of the covenant that
I make between me and you and every living
creature . . . I have set my bow in the cloud, and it
shall be a sign of the covenant . . . When I bring
clouds over the earth and the bow is seen in the
clouds, I will remember my covenant . . . When the
bow is in the clouds, I will see it and remember the
everlasting covenant . . .."
— Genesis 9:14-16 (ESV)
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During those many days the king of Egypt died,
and the people of Israel groaned because of their
slavery and cried out for help . . . And God heard
their groaning, and God remembered his
covenant with Abraham, with Isaac, and with
Jacob.
— Exodus 2:22-24 (ESV)
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For thus says the Lord GOD:
“. . . I will remember my covenant
with you in the days of your youth,
and I will establish for you an
everlasting covenant.”
— Ezekiel 16:59-60 (ESV)
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Part One:
A Feast Focused on the Future
Luke 22 & Acts 2
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Luke 22:7-13
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Luke 22:14-16
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"Let us rejoice and be glad and give the
glory to Him, for the marriage of the
Lamb has come and His bride has made
herself ready . . .
Blessed are those who are invited to the
marriage supper of the Lamb."
— Revelation 19:7, 9 (NASV)
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“The Passover celebrated two
events, the deliverance from
Egypt and the anticipated
coming Messianic deliverance”
—Fritz Reinecker,
Linguistic Key to the Greek New Testament
p. 207
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"I say to you, that many shall come from east and
west, and recline at the table with Abraham, and
Isaac, and Jacob, in the kingdom of heaven.”
— Matthew 8:11 (NASV)
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"I say to you, that many shall come from east and
west, and recline at the table with Abraham, and
Isaac, and Jacob, in the kingdom of heaven.”
— Matthew 8:11 (NASV)
"Blessed is everyone who shall eat bread in the
kingdom of God!“
— Luke 14:15 (NASV)
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"I say to you, that many shall come from east and
west, and recline at the table with Abraham, and
Isaac, and Jacob, in the kingdom of heaven.”
— Matthew 8:11 (NASV)
"Blessed is everyone who shall eat bread in the
kingdom of God!“
— Luke 14:15 (NASV)
“Behold, I stand at the door and knock; if anyone
hears My voice and opens the door, I will come in
to him, and will dine with him, and he with Me.”
— Revelation 3:20 (NASV)
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Moses . . . and seventy of the elders of Israel went
up, and they saw the God of Israel. There was
under his feet as it were a pavement of sapphire
stone, like the very heaven for clearness. And he
did not lay his hand on the chief men of the people
of Israel; they beheld God, and ate and drank.
— Exodus 24:9-11 (ESV)
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Luke 22:17-18
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Luke 22:19
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“Remembrance” (Lk 22:19)
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“Remembrance” (Lk 22:19)
anamnesis
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“Remembrance” (Lk 22:19)
anamnesis
an = “not”
amnesis (“amnesia”) = “forget”
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“Remembrance” (Lk 22:19)
anamnesis
an = “not”
amnesis (“amnesia”) = “forget”
anamnesis = “remembrance”
= “reminder”
Baurer, Arndt, Gingrich, & Danker
A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature
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“unto my reminder” (Lk 22:19)
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“unto my reminder” (Lk 22:19)
To whom does the reminder belong?
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“unto my reminder” (Lk 22:19)
To whom does the reminder belong?
Is the reminder for us?
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“unto my reminder” (Lk 22:19)
To whom does the reminder belong?
Is the reminder for us?
— or —
Is the reminder for Jesus?
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"That's my picture!“
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"That's my picture!“
1. The picture belongs to me
I own it
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"That's my picture!“
2. I am the subject of the picture
(but I might not own it)
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The reminder can belong to Jesus
— Or —
The reminder can be about Jesus
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The standard word for “my” = mou
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The standard word for “my” = mou
Mou is grammatically ambiguous
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The standard word for “my” = mou
Mou is grammatically ambiguous
The reminder could be about Jesus
or
it could belong to Jesus
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The standard word for “my” = mou
Mou is grammatically ambiguous
The reminder could be about Jesus
or
it could belong to Jesus
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The emphatic word for “my” = emos
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The emphatic word for “my” = emos
Emos more specifically denotes possession
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The emphatic word for “my” = emos
Emos more specifically denotes possession
Jesus said emos, not mou
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The emphatic word for “my” = emos
Emos more specifically denotes possession
Jesus said emos, not mou
This strongly suggests that the reminder
actually belongs to Jesus!
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Dr. Joachim Jeremias said that Jesus used
anamnesis in the sense of a reminder for
God:
“The Lord’s Supper would thus be an
enacted prayer.”
J. Jeremias, Professor of Theology, University of Leipzig, Germany
New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology
Vol. III, p. 244
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Luke 22:20
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“While they were eating, Jesus took
bread, gave thanks and broke it, and
gave it to his disciples, saying,
‘Take and eat; this is my body.’ ”
— Matthew 26:26 (NIV)
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“Supper” (Lk 22:20) = deipnon
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“Supper” (Lk 22:20) = deipnon
“the main meal toward evening, banquet”
Baurer, Arndt, Gingrich, & Danker
A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature
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Jesus: “A certain man was preparing a
great banquet (deipnon) and invited many
guests”
— Luke 14:16 (NIV)
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Jesus: “A certain man was preparing a
great banquet (deipnon) and invited many
guests”
— Luke 14:16 (NIV)
“Blessed are those who are invited to the
wedding supper (deipnon) of the Lamb!”
— Revelation 19:9 (NIV)
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The Last Supper occurred in the context of
the Passover Feast
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The Last Supper occurred in the context of
the Passover Feast
Would the Twelve have somehow deduced
that future Lord’s Suppers were not to be
true meals?
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“Holy Communion was not simply a token meal
as with us, but an actual meal. Moreover it
seems clear that it was a meal to which each of
the participants brought food"
Canon Leon Morris
Principal of Ridley College, Melbourne, Australia
Commentary On First Corinthians
Tyndale New Testament Commentary
Inter-Varsity Press, 1976
p. 158
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"The name Lord's Supper, though legitimately
derived from 1 Cor 11v20, is not there applied to
the sacrament itself, but to the Love Feast or
Agape, a meal commemorating the Last
Supper, and not yet separated from the
Eucharist when St. Paul wrote."
J G Simpson, Principal of clergy school in Leeds, England
The Dictionary of the Bible (T & T Clark, Edinburgh, 1909, p. 244)
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"This simple rite was observed by His
disciples, at first as part of a communal
meal, Sunday by Sunday."
I. Howard Marshall, Emeritus Professor of New Testament Exegesis
University of Aberdeen, Scotland
Christian Beliefs: An Introductory Study Guide
Inter-Varsity Press, 1972, p.80
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“In the first century, the Lord’s Supper
included not only the bread and the
cup but an entire meal.”
Dr. John Gooch, church historian and editor,
United Methodist Publishing House , Nashville, Tennessee
Christian History, Issue 37, p. 3
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"The early church observed the Lord's Supper
as an exclusive community meal."
John Drane
lecturer in Religious Studies
Stirling University, Scotland
The New Lion Encyclopedia
Lion Publishers, p. 173
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Luke 22:29-30
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What better way to typify the coming
Messianic banquet than with a banquet?
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They devoted themselves to
the apostles' teaching
and
fellowship, to the breaking of bread
and
the prayers.
— Acts 2:42 (ESV)
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Part Two:
• The Purpose of a Meeting
• One Cup, One Loaf
• “Until He Comes”
Acts 20
1 Corinthians 10
1 Corinthians 11
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Acts 20:7
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Because there is one loaf, we, who are
many, are one body, for we all partake
of the one loaf.
— 1 Corinthians 10:17 (NIV)
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1 Corinthians 11:17-22
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When you come together, it is not the
Lord's supper that you eat. For in eating,
each one goes ahead with his own meal.
One goes hungry, another gets drunk.
— 1 Corinthians 11:20-21 (ESV)
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1 Corinthians 11:26
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“Until” it stops raining
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ESV Luke 22:16
For I tell you I will not eat it until* it is
fulfilled in the kingdom of God.
*heos hutou
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“Until He Comes” (1Co 11:26)
“until” = achri hou
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“Until He Comes” (1Co 11:26)
“until” = achri hou
When used along with an aorist subjunctive
verb, it grammatically can denote a goal
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“Until He Comes” (1Co 11:26)
“until” = achri hou
When used along with an aorist subjunctive
verb, it grammatically can denote a goal
Much more than a mere time frame, the Greek
behind “until” in 1Corinthians 11:26 refers to an
objective (“until the goal is reached” )
German theologian Fritz Rienecker,
Linguistic Key To The Greek New Testament
p 34
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NIV 2 Peter 3:12
. . . Look forward to the day of God
and speed its coming.
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NIV 2 Peter 3:12
. . . Look forward to the day of God
and speed its coming.
NAS Revelation 6:10
"How long, O Lord, holy and true,
wilt Thou refrain from judging and
avenging our blood on those who
dwell on the earth?”
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Jerusalem will be trampled under foot by
the Gentiles until (achri hou) the times of
the Gentiles be fulfilled.
— Luke 21:24 (NASV)
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Jerusalem will be trampled under foot by
the Gentiles until (achri hou) the times of
the Gentiles be fulfilled.
— Luke 21:24 (NASV)
A partial hardening has happened to Israel
until (achri hou) the fullness of the Gentiles
has come in.
— Romans 11:25 (NASV)
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Jerusalem will be trampled under foot by
the Gentiles until (achri hou) the times of
the Gentiles be fulfilled.
— Luke 21:24 (NASV)
A partial hardening has happened to Israel
until (achri hou) the fullness of the Gentiles
has come in.
— Romans 11:25 (NASV)
He must reign until (achri hou) He has put
all His enemies under His feet.
— 1 Corinthians 15:25 (NASV)
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“Give us this day our daily bread”
— Luke 11:3
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“Give us this day our daily bread”
— Luke 11:3
“the bread of the world to come”
— Athanasius
Godet, Commentary on Luke, Kregel Publications, 1981, p. 314
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Part Three:
An Unworthy Manner
1 Corinthians 11:27-32
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1 Corinthians 11:27-32
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KJV: “unworthily” (1Co 11:27)
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KJV: “unworthily” (1Co 11:27)
Greek: anaxios = “in an unworthy manner”
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KJV: “unworthily” (1Co 11:27)
Greek: anaxios = “in an unworthy manner”
ESV: “unworthy manner”
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KJV: “unworthily” (1Co 11:27)
Greek: anaxios = “in an unworthy manner”
ESV: “unworthy manner”
NASV: “unworthy manner”
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KJV: “unworthily” (1Co 11:27)
Greek: anaxios = “in an unworthy manner”
ESV: “unworthy manner”
NASV: “unworthy manner”
NIV: “unworthy manner”
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1 Corinthians 11:33-34
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“Paul’s point is that, if the rich wish to eat and drink
on their own, enjoying better food than their poorer
brothers, they should do this at home;
if they cannot wait for others (verse 33), if they
must indulge to excess, they can at least keep the
church’s common meal free from practices that can
only bring discredit upon it . . . Paul simply means
that those who are so hungry that they cannot wait
for their brothers should satisfy their hunger before
they leave home, in order that decency and order
may prevail in the assembly.”
— C K Barrett, theology professor at Durnham University, England
Black’s New Testament Commentary, The Fist Epistle to The Corinthians
Hendrickson Publishers, 2000, p. 263 & 277
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Frequency?
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Frequency?
Form?
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Frequency?
Form?
Focus?
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Frequency?
Form?
Focus?
Fellowship or Funeral?
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Frequency?
Form?
Focus?
Fellowship or Funeral?
Functions?
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— SUPPER SUMMARY —
1. Primary Purpose
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— SUPPER SUMMARY —
1. Primary Purpose
2. Full Meal / Wedding Supper of the Lamb
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— SUPPER SUMMARY —
1. Primary Purpose
2. Full Meal / Wedding Supper of the Lamb
3. Forward-Looking / Wedding Atmosphere
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— SUPPER SUMMARY —
1. Primary Purpose
2. Full Meal / Wedding Supper of the Lamb
3. Forward-Looking / Wedding Atmosphere
4. Fellowship and Edification
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— SUPPER SUMMARY —
1. Primary Purpose
2. Full Meal / Wedding Supper of the Lamb
3. Forward-Looking / Wedding Atmosphere
4. Fellowship and Edification
5. One Cup & One Loaf / Create Unity / Symbolic of Jesus’
Body and Blood
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— SUPPER SUMMARY —
1. Primary Purpose
2. Full Meal / Wedding Supper of the Lamb
3. Forward-Looking / Wedding Atmosphere
4. Fellowship and Edification
5. One Cup & One Loaf / Create Unity / Symbolic of Jesus’
Body and Blood
6. Reminds Jesus
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On-line
Seminary Course
Revised
03/05/10
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Revised
09/15/12
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