Download Computer Hardware Powerpoint

UCHS COMPUTER
SCIENCE
Computer Hardware
OBJECTIVES
 Examine a computer
 Examine hardware
 Examine the internals of a computer
 Understand storage
 Introduction to operating systems
WHAT IS A COMPUTER?
Smartphones
Desktop
Tablet with
stylus
Laptop
A computer is an electronic device
that comes in different shapes and
sizes.
Wearable Devices
(Fitness Trackers)
Servers
WHAT IS HARDWARE?
Hardware consist of physical structures found both inside and outside of the
computer.
Outside structures (Peripherals) are structures are responsible for
supplying input to the computer.
Mouse
Keyboard
Microphone
TAKE A LOOK INSIDE!
The Motherboard is considered to be the mainframe of a computer that
allows all other components to connect. The motherboard is a circuit
board that acts as an electrical system allowing system components to
communicate through electrical connections.
TAKE A LOOK INSIDE (CONT’D)
The motherboard consists of numerous components
Central Processing Unit (CPU) is responsible for the execution of computer
programs. The CPU is equivalent to a human brain in that the human brain is our
Central Processing Unit, responsible for the execution of our body’s functions.
A heat sink (made of metal fins) and fan sit over the CPU to draw heat away to
provide protection for the unit.
TAKE A LOOK INSIDE (CONT’D)
Random Access Memory (RAM)
•
•
•
•
Primary Storage
High-speed storage
Stores data loaded by the Operating System and active programs
Volatile- Subject to loss of data if not saved before the computer
powers-down
• RAM is inserted into memory slots called DIMM (dual inline memory
module) slots found on the motherboard.
TAKE A LOOK INSIDE (CONT’D)
SDRAM - (Synchronous DRAM) This is an alternative name for the dynamic
random access memory (DRAM).
Because the SDRAM is synchronized with the clock speed of the microprocessor,
the number of instructions that the processor can conduct can be increased.
MEMORY PROTECTION
 Process isolation
 Prevent a process from accessing memory that has not been allocated to it
 The three most common methods:
 Segmentation
 Paging
 Protection keying
TAKE A LOOK INSIDE (CONT’D)
Internal Hard Disk Drive
The Hard Disk Drive (HDD) is a
form of permanent storage (nonvolatile) that stores data and
programs.
The HDD is made of rotating platters
and magnetic surfaces.
The HDD has two connections, one
that connects to the power supply
and the other that connects to the
motherboard through use of cables.
TAKE A LOOK INSIDE (CONT’D)
CMOS - (Complementary Metal-Oxide
Semiconductor) a battery powered semi-conductor chip
found on the motherboard responsible for storing the
system time and date along with system hardware
settings.
The general lifespan of a CMOS battery is 10 years
depending on its use and the conditions in which it is
kept.
TAKE A LOOK INSIDE (CONT’D)
The Power Supply Unit (PSU) is found in a
corner of the computer case. This unit is
capable of taking in house current and
converting it so the inside components are able
to work.
SECONDARY STORAGE
 Holds data not currently being used by the CPU
 Used when data must be stored for an extended period of time using
high-capacity, nonvolatile storage
Examples:
External Hard Drive
Flash
Storage
Cloud Storage
DVD
PERIPHERALS (OUTPUT DEVICES)
These devices are responsible for showing
or hearing the output of data from the
computer.
Computer Monitor
Speakers
Printer
OPERATING SYSTEM
The Operating System (OS) is a program that
controls the operation of the computer from the
instance it is turned on or “booted”
The OS is responsible for running other programs in a
computer
Other programs found on the computer are
applications.The applications send request to the
OS in order to be able to run through an application
program interface (API)
Users interact with the OS through a graphical user
interface (GUI)
OPERATING SYSTEM (CONT’D)
 The central most part of the OS is the kernel
 The kernel loads first and remains in main memory
 Because the kernel stays in the main memory, it is
better for the kernel to be small.
 The kernel runs binary programs (pre-linked to an
OS)
 Binary programs only work for one particular OS
SUMMARY
 A computer is made up of many different parts
 Hardware is anything you can touch
 The motherboard is the largest board in a computer
 Random Access Memory is volatile
 Read Only Memory is nonvolatile
 Peripherals connect to computers
 Operating systems control the operation of a computer