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Vocabulary • • • • • • • • • • • • • totalitarian regime, authoritarianism, aristocracy, theocracy, oligarchy, anarchy, democracy, direct democracy, legislature, initiative, referendum, republic, popular sovereignty, • democratic republic, • representative democracy, • universal suffrage, • majority rule, • majority, • limited government, Chapter 1.2 Forms of Government Chapter 1.2 Types of Government • Totalitarian Regime – Authoritarianism – Government controls all aspects of the political and social life of a nation or where government is controlled by one ruler – Examples North Korea and Cuba • Aristocracy – “Rule by the best” ruled by members of the upper class – Examples – Great Britain prior to 1999 and Nigeria Chapter 1.2 Types of Government • Theocracy – “Ruled by God”; in practice ruled by self-appointed religious leaders – Example – Islamic Republic of Iran; Islamic State • Oligarchy – ‘ruled by the few’ – Example: Russian Federation; United States? • Anarchy – Condition of no government – Example - Somalia Chapter 1.2 Direct Democracy as a Model • Direct Democracy – A system in which the people make decisions directly rather than by elected representatives • Ancient Athens, Greece • Small communities Chapter 1.2 Athenian Democracy • Most important feature was the Legislature – Government body responsible for making laws • Composed of all citizens (approximately 6,000) – Only men (women, foreigners, and slaves not citizens) • Requires high level of participation! Chapter 1.2 Athenian Democracy • Direct democracy is highly unstable – Can lead to mob rule! • Athenians believed that well informed citizens would always make the right decisions? Chapter 1.2 Modern Day Direct Democracy • Initiative- procedure by which voters can propose a law or a constitutional amendment • Referendum – legislature refers a law or amendment to the people for approval • Recall – procedure allowing the people to vote to dismiss an elected official from state office. Chapter 1.2 Dangers of Direct Democracy • Founding fathers believed in a government based on the “consent of the people” – Distrustful of anything that looked like mob rule • Devised a system of institutions to filter the popular will through elected officials. Chapter 1.2 A Democratic Republic • Republic – form of government where sovereign power rest with the people – Popular sovereignty • Democratic Republic – elected representatives make and enforce laws • Representative Democracy – same as above but may retain the monarchy in a ceremonial role. – Quirk a republic cannot have vestigial king! Chapter 1.2 Principles of Democratic Government • Universal Suffrage – right of all adults to vote • Majority Rule – greatest number of citizens in any political unit should elect the officials and determine policy. Chapter 1.2 Constitutional Democracy • Key Concept : limited government – A government in which powers are limited by a written constitution • Without a written plan – political decisions may be based on the whims or ambitions of individuals in government Chapter 1.2 Summary Questions – Submit on Edmodo • Distinguish the major features of direct democracy and representative democracy. Chapter 1.2