Download Minerals

Minerals
Unit C Chapter 2
Lesson 1
What is a mineral?
• A mineral is…
• #1-always a solid material
with particles arranged in
a repeating pattern
(crystal).
• #2-almost always made
from material that was
never alive.
• #3-formed only in nature.
How is a mineral formed?
• #1-Some form in Earth’s mantle.
How is a mineral formed?
• #2-Some form near Earth’s surface.
How is a mineral formed?
• #3-Some form in extremely hot water.
Diamonds
• Diamonds…
• formed when high heat
and pressure change
carbon into hard sparkling
crystals
• are used for jewelry,
cutting tools, such as drills
and saws.
Calcite
• Calcite
• Is formed at or near
Earth’s surface,
especially when
calcium, oxygen,
and carbon combine
in sea water.
• Some ocean animals
have calcite shells or
other body parts.
• Found in caves.
Galena
• Galena crystals form when hot, mineral-rich water
moves slowly through cracks in Earth’s crust, mixing
with other minerals before it cools or evaporates.
Some Mineral Properties
• The streak is the color of the powder left behind
when you rub a mineral against a white tile called a
streak plate.
luster
• Luster describes the way the surface of a mineral
reflects light.
• Three types:
• #1-metalic luster (shiny)
• #2-non-metalic luster (dull)
• #3- brilliant luster (sparkling)
hardness
• Hardness is a mineral’s ability to resist being scratched.
Moh’s Hardness Scale
• A scale to measure a mineral’s hardness
from 1 to 10. A mineral with a higher number
on the scale can scratch a mineral with a
lower number.
How We Use Minerals
• #1-musical instruments (silver
and copper)
• #2-electrical wire (silver and
copper)
• #3-jewelry (silver and copper)
• #4-plaster and wallboard
(gypsum)
• #5-pencils (graphite)
• #6-table salt (halite)
• #7-steal beams for buildings
(hematite)