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General Music 7th Grade Music History Name: Medieval Period 450-1450 Music in the Middle Ages The most important musicians were _________________ and worked for the church ____________________ were not allowed to sing in church The church frowned upon ______________________, because of their earlier role in pagan rites ______________________________ was the official music of the Roman Catholic Church, it consists of a melody set to sacred Latin texts and was sung by men without any accompaniment Secular Music Troubadours and Trouvères were French nobles, poet-musicians whose music was among the first ________________ music An additional melodic line was added to the traditional Gregorian Chant, this was called ________________ Changes were so dramatic in the 14th century that theorists called the new Italian and French music the ____________________ Renaissance Period 1450-1600 Music in the Renaissance While the church remained an important patron to music, music activity grew in _________________________ as well While there was a wide range of emotion, music was not written with extreme contrasts of dynamics, tone color, etc. Characteristics of Music Mainly ___________________ texture Homophonic texture used in lighter music _________________________________ among voices was common Known as the “____________________” of a cappella music A Cappella means ‘without accompaniment’ Sacred The Catholic Mass uses 5 sections in every mass vs Kyrie Gloria Credo Sanctus Agnus Dei Giovanni Pierluigi de ____________ – devoted his life to writing sacred music for the church Secular ___________________ music became more popular The madrigal was for several solo voices set to a short poem, usually about ___________ The ballett (Fa-La) was a _________________ song for several solo voices Baroque Period 1600-1750 Baroque Music Baroque is defined as bizarre, grotesque, or _______________ The Baroque orchestra had only 10-30 instruments and was based around the ________________ family Various new forms of music began to emerge ritornello, concerto grosso, fugue, opera, etc. Baroque Society Ordinary citizens heard music mainly in ___________________ Music schools were often connected to ___________________ Opera in the Baroque As most _______________ (still today) are performed in Italian, German, or French an audience member should prepare themselves by reading a synopsis or translation Historically, opera is associated with high ______________________ Johann Sebastian Bach At age 9 both of Bach’s parents died, he went to live with his oldest brother until he was 15 He became the concertmaster in Weimar, when he asked to be dismissed the duke of Weimar was so annoyed that he had Bach ________________ for a month Bach was not considered the greatest composer of his day George Frederic Handel Because opera’s were prohibited during the Lent season Handel wrote _____________, which were cheaper to produce and also attracted the middle class His most popular oratorio was the _______________, after writing the Messiah Handel stopped writing operas Classical Period 1750-1820 Classical Music Replaced the complexity of the baroque style for _______________ and clarity Townspeople organized _____________________ Middle class citizens wanted their children to take _____________________ and learn to play an instrument ________________ music became popular Classical Society Political and economic power shifted from the aristocracy and church to the _____________ Increase in _______________________ Napoleon became emperor of France by his own genius rather than birthright Joseph Haydn From a small town Haydn’s only musical background was _____________________ and _______________________ At age 8 he became a Vienna choirboy, but was put out on the street after his voice changed where he struggled to continue teaching himself music Haydn would incorporate ____________________ and ____________________ into his music (like Symphony No. 94) Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Child _________________ Age 8 – wrote first symphony Age 11 – wrote first oratorio Age 12 – wrote first opera Ages 6-15 – went on European tours with his father Credited with more than ____________ compositions Compositions sound effortless and were created with ease and rapidity His last 3 symphonies took only ________________ to write Mozart’s Life As a child Mozart was so dependent on his father that he did not learn how to manage his own career Initially met success in Vienna with Le Nozze di Figaro (The Marriage of Figaro) and Don Giovanni before losing favor because his music was too _______________ Died on December 5, 1791 of rheumatic fever, shortly before his ________ birthday Died in __________ and was buried in a sack in an unmarked communal grave (customary of the time) Ludwig van Beethoven Felt the first symptoms of deafness at age ________ After returning from isolation in Heiligenstadt Germany, composition style changed to powerful and _____________ in nature At age 44 Beethoven was forced to stop playing the piano in public, due to his hearing loss For the last 8 years of his life, Beethoven carried a ___________________ to communicate with people Beethoven’s Music The Viennese began ______________ that Beethoven was finished composing after deafness, Beethoven proved them wrong by composing some of his greatest works late in his life Unlike Mozart, Beethoven’s perfection meant _____________________________ Most popular were his _____________________ Romantic Period 1820-1900 Romantic Music Romantic music is linked to the other arts, and other arts looked to music for ____________ Romantic composers were guided by an inner desire to write and be ___________________, rather than gaining a commission Most composers were forced to work in several areas at once, only the best could support themselves solely through selling music Clara Wieck Schumann Premiered many works by her husband, Robert, and a close friend, Johannes Brahms __________________ throughout Europe, usually programming one or more of her own compositions Composed ________________ (short piece for piano or solo instrument and piano) for a friend to perform for King George V of Hanover Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky Began studying music at age ______ Was invited to the _________ in 1891 to participate in 4 concerts inaugurating ________________________ and additional concerts in Baltimore and Philadelphia Best known for: the overture-fantasy ________________________________ the ballets Swan Lake and ___________________________ the orchestral showpieces Overture 1812