Download Medieval Period 450-1450

General Music
7th Grade
Music History
Name:
Medieval Period 450-1450
Music in the Middle Ages
 The most important musicians were _________________ and worked for the church
 ____________________ were not allowed to sing in church
 The church frowned upon ______________________, because of their earlier role in pagan
rites
 ______________________________ was the official music of the Roman Catholic Church,
it consists of a melody set to sacred Latin texts and was sung by men without any
accompaniment
Secular Music
 Troubadours and Trouvères were French nobles, poet-musicians whose music was among
the first ________________ music
 An additional melodic line was added to the traditional Gregorian Chant, this was called
________________
 Changes were so dramatic in the 14th century that theorists called the new Italian and
French music the ____________________
Renaissance Period 1450-1600
Music in the Renaissance
 While the church remained an important patron to music, music activity grew in
_________________________ as well
 While there was a wide range of emotion, music was not written with extreme contrasts of
dynamics, tone color, etc.
Characteristics of Music
 Mainly ___________________ texture
 Homophonic texture used in lighter music
 _________________________________ among voices was common
 Known as the “____________________” of a cappella music
 A Cappella means ‘without accompaniment’
Sacred
 The Catholic Mass uses
5 sections in every mass






vs
Kyrie
Gloria
Credo
Sanctus
Agnus Dei
Giovanni Pierluigi de ____________ –
devoted his life to writing sacred music
for the church
Secular
 ___________________ music became
more popular
 The madrigal was for several solo voices
set to a short poem, usually about
___________
 The ballett (Fa-La) was a
_________________ song for several
solo voices
Baroque Period 1600-1750
Baroque Music
 Baroque is defined as bizarre, grotesque, or _______________
 The Baroque orchestra had only 10-30 instruments and was based around the
________________ family
 Various new forms of music began to emerge
 ritornello, concerto grosso, fugue, opera, etc.
Baroque Society
 Ordinary citizens heard music mainly in ___________________
 Music schools were often connected to ___________________
Opera in the Baroque
 As most _______________ (still today) are performed in Italian, German, or French an
audience member should prepare themselves by reading a synopsis or translation
 Historically, opera is associated with high ______________________
Johann Sebastian Bach
 At age 9 both of Bach’s parents died, he went to live with his oldest brother until he was 15
 He became the concertmaster in Weimar, when he asked to be dismissed the duke of
Weimar was so annoyed that he had Bach ________________ for a month
 Bach was not considered the greatest composer of his day
George Frederic Handel
 Because opera’s were prohibited during the Lent season Handel wrote _____________,
which were cheaper to produce and also attracted the middle class
 His most popular oratorio was the _______________, after writing the Messiah Handel
stopped writing operas
Classical Period 1750-1820
Classical Music
 Replaced the complexity of the baroque style for _______________ and clarity
 Townspeople organized _____________________
 Middle class citizens wanted their children to take _____________________ and learn to
play an instrument
 ________________ music became popular
Classical Society
 Political and economic power shifted from the aristocracy and church to the _____________
 Increase in _______________________
 Napoleon became emperor of France by his own genius rather than birthright
Joseph Haydn
 From a small town Haydn’s only musical background was _____________________ and
_______________________
 At age 8 he became a Vienna choirboy, but was put out on the street after his
voice changed where he struggled to continue teaching himself music
 Haydn would incorporate ____________________ and ____________________ into his
music (like Symphony No. 94)
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
 Child _________________
 Age 8 – wrote first symphony
 Age 11 – wrote first oratorio
 Age 12 – wrote first opera
 Ages 6-15 – went on European tours with his father
 Credited with more than ____________ compositions
 Compositions sound effortless and were created with ease and rapidity
 His last 3 symphonies took only ________________ to write
Mozart’s Life
 As a child Mozart was so dependent on his father that he did not learn how to manage his
own career
 Initially met success in Vienna with Le Nozze di Figaro (The Marriage of Figaro)
and Don Giovanni before losing favor because his music was too _______________
 Died on December 5, 1791 of rheumatic fever, shortly before his ________ birthday
 Died in __________ and was buried in a sack in an unmarked communal grave (customary
of the time)
Ludwig van Beethoven
 Felt the first symptoms of deafness at age ________
 After returning from isolation in Heiligenstadt Germany, composition style changed to
powerful and _____________ in nature
 At age 44 Beethoven was forced to stop playing the piano in public, due to his hearing loss
 For the last 8 years of his life, Beethoven carried a ___________________ to communicate
with people
Beethoven’s Music
 The Viennese began ______________ that Beethoven was finished composing after
deafness, Beethoven proved them wrong by composing some of his greatest works late in
his life
 Unlike Mozart, Beethoven’s perfection meant _____________________________
 Most popular were his _____________________
Romantic Period 1820-1900
Romantic Music
 Romantic music is linked to the other arts, and other arts looked to music for ____________
 Romantic composers were guided by an inner desire to write and be
___________________, rather than gaining a commission
 Most composers were forced to work in several areas at once, only the best could support
themselves solely through selling music
Clara Wieck Schumann
 Premiered many works by her husband, Robert, and a close friend, Johannes Brahms
 __________________ throughout Europe, usually programming one or more of her own
compositions
 Composed ________________ (short piece for piano or solo instrument and piano) for a
friend to perform for King George V of Hanover
Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky
 Began studying music at age ______
 Was invited to the _________ in 1891 to participate in 4 concerts inaugurating
________________________ and additional concerts in Baltimore and Philadelphia
 Best known for:
 the overture-fantasy ________________________________
 the ballets Swan Lake and ___________________________
 the orchestral showpieces Overture 1812