Download File

Coming to an end...
 1865 Confederate troops
under the leadership of
General Robert E. Lee
surrender at Appomattox
Court House to Union
General Ulysses S. Grant
 The Civil War is over and
the UNION IS
PRESERVED!
What now?
The Aftermath of the Civil War
This is a photograph
taken after the Civil War
in Richmond, Virginia, the
capital of the
Confederate States
Reconstruction Plan
 President Lincoln wanted to reunite the nation as
quickly as possible.
 Any southern state with at least 10% of its voters
making a pledge to be loyal to the U.S. could be
readmitted to the Union.
 The South also had to accept a ban on slavery.
The Slaves Are Free
 With the ending of the war, the slaves were now free.
 The 13th Amendment to the Constitution was passed.
 The 13th Amendment made slavery illegal forever in
the United States.
Lincoln’s Second Inaugural
Address
 On March 4, 1865, President Lincoln laid out his
approach to Reconstruction in his second inaugural
address.
 He hoped to reunite the nation and it’s people.
 “With malice [hatred] toward none, with charity for all,
with firmness in the right as God gives us to see the
right, let us finish the work we are in, to bind up the
nation's wounds, to care for him who shall have
borne the battle, and for his widow and for his
orphans, to do all which may achieve and cherish a
just and a lasting peace among ourselves and with all
nations.
Lincoln is assassinated
 Just six days after the war ended, on April 15, 1865,
President Abraham Lincoln was assassinated while
watching a play.
 Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth, a
Southerner who was angry at Lincoln.
 Vice-President Andrew Johnson became president.
Andrew Johnson
 Democrat
 From Tennessee
Johnson’s Plan
Problems
Johnson
Black codes restricted rights
of African Americans
Southern States refused to
ratify 14th Amendment
No effort to help Freedmen
Failures contributed to support of Radical Republicans
North felt robbed of their victory
Goals
Lincoln/Johnson
Speedy Recovery
Radical Republicans
RADICAL (extreme) change
*punish south
*more power for Republican
Party
*Rights for African
Americans
Lenient vs. Punishment
Lincoln/Johnson
Lenient
States never actually left the
Union
Radical Republicans
Believed the south should
be punished for starting the
war
Steps to Re-enter the Union
Lincoln/Johnson
10% Plan (Lincoln) – ten
percent of southern voters
needed to take an oath of
loyalty
Radical Republicans
Reconstruction Act of 1867
(1)Divide south into five
military districts
(2)Must ratify 14th
Amendment
Generous amnesty to allow
southerners to retain
property and reacquire
political rights
(3)Rights for Freedman
Political Rights for African
Americans
Lincoln/Johnson
Radical Republicans
13th Amendment – abolish
slavery
13th Amendment – abolish
slavery
Reluctant to support
additional political rights for
African Americans
14th Amendment –
citizenship and equal
protection
15th Amendment – right to
vote for African
Americans
Programs for African
Americans
Lincoln/Johnson
Not addressed
Radical Republicans
Extended Freedman’s
Bureau to provide food,
clothing, shelter, and
education to freedman and
war refugees
Black Codes
 Southern laws which
limited African American
rights in the South
 Intended to keep African
Americans in a condition of
slavery
Fourteenth Amendment
 June 1866
 Granted citizenship to all
persons born or
naturalized in the United
States
Military Reconstruction Act
 Passed by
Congress
 Divided the South
in five military
districts
 Union general
was in charge of
each district
Military Reconstruction Act
 New state constitutions
 Right to vote for all males
 Must ratify the 14th
amendment
Fifteenth Amendment
 March 1870
 Right to vote cannot be
denied “on account of
race, color, or previous
condition of servitude”
Freedmen’s Bureau
 Need for food and
shelter for freed slaves
 Many settled on
plantation lands
Freedmen’s Bureau
 Task of feeding and clothing
former slaves
 Find work for them
 Negotiate labor contracts
 Began education
Freedmen’s Bureau
Freedmen’s Bureau
The Freedmen’s Bureau
 The Freedmen’s Bureau was established to help poor
blacks and whites in the South.
 The Freedmen’s Bureau established schools in the
South.
 Laws against educating slaves during the Civil War
meant that most ex-slaves did not know how to read
and write.
Impeachment of Johnson
 Johnson vetoed every
policy from Congress
 Congress overrode his
vetoes
Impeachment of Johnson (1868)
 House of
Representatives voted
for his impeachment
 Senate put Johnson
on trial
 Final vote – one vote
shy of removing him
from office
Sharecropping
 New system for agriculture
 Tenant farmers paid rent
with a share of their crops
Sharecropping
 Landlords – landowners
who control sharecroppers
 Crop liens – crops taken
to cover debts
Sharecropping
 Sharecroppers became
trapped because farmers
could not pay their
debts
 Debt peonage
Carpetbaggers
 Northerners moving into
the South
 Became involved in politics
Scalawags
 White southerners who
worked with Republicans
and supported
Reconstruction
African Americans
 First led by the educated
 Many who lived in the
North and had fought for
the Union army
 Became involved in
politics
Southern Resistance
 Against political power in
the hands of African
Americans
 Against Republicans
leading southern politics
Ku Klux Klan
 Started in 1866 by
Nathaniel Bedford Forrest
 Secret society
 Mostly former Confederate
soldiers
Goals of the KKK
 Drive out carpetbaggers
 Regain control of the
South for the Democratic
Party
 Use terror
Tactics of the KKK
 Broke up Republican
meetings
 Harassed Freedmen’s
Bureau workers
 Burned homes, churches,
schools
 Kept Republicans (white and
black) from voting
Letter to the U.S. Senate
“We believe you are not familiar with the description of the
Ku Klux Klan’s riding nightly over the country, going
from county to county, and in the county towns
spreading terror wherever they go by robbing, whipping,
ravishing, and killing our people without provocation . . .
We pray you will take some steps to remedy these
evils.”
Ku Klux Klan Act
 Passed by Congress in
1871
 Outlawed activities of the
Klan
 Federal arrests
Compromise of 1877
 1876 – presidential election
 Republican – Rutherford B.
Hayes
 Democrat – Samuel Tilden
Compromise of 1877
 Election results disputed
in three southern states
 Results decided by
Congress
 Rutherford B. Hayes won
with the support of
southern Democrats
End of Reconstruction
 April 1877
 Hayes pulled federal
troops out of the South
 Southern Democrats
took control of all state
legislatures
Jim Crow Laws
 Southern states create laws
to segregate public space