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Layers of the Earth Unit 2: Tectonic Processes Ms. Thind Geog 12 How old is the earth? Approximately 4.5 BILLION years old! 70% Water, 30% Land What is it made of? • Mantle • Continental and Oceanic Crust • Core • Lithosphere • Centrosphere • Mesosphere • Asthenosphere • Atmosphere • Hydrosphere Centrosphere “core” center of the earth Consists of inner core and outer core Composed of iron, nickel, and heavy metals Core in solid state due to ↑ pressure Mesosphere Known as the mantle Solid layer between earth’s core and then asthenosphere Asthenosphere Plastic layer of the upper mantle directly below lithosphere Lithosphere Outer layer that surrounds the earth Brittle- can be cracked, warped and buckled Ends at the “moho” (Mohorovicic discontinuity): defined line of contact Within the lithosphere: - Crust: thin outer layer of rock - Continental Crust - Oceanic Crust Hydrosphere Covering of water on the earth Has irregularities due to the lithosphere Atmosphere • True outer covering of the earth • Mixture of gases: nitrogen and oxygen Earth’s Layers: How are the earth’s layers similar to an egg? Shell=crust Egg white=mantle Yolk=core