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Unit 3 Earth’s Atmosphere Big Idea: Earth’s atmosphere is a mixture of gases that interacts with solar energy Up and Away! Unit 3 Lesson 1 The Atmosphere What is Earth’s atmosphere? • Atmosphere -mixture of gases that surrounds Earth. Functions of the Atmosphere 1. Protecting organisms from sun’s damaging rays 2. Maintain the right temperature range of life 3. Supplies gases necessary for breathing o 78% N o 21% O2 o 1% other gases tecnozono.com Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Unit 3 Lesson 1 The Atmosphere Look Way Up Layers of the atmosphere • Thermosphere -temp • Mesosphere –temp as altitude as altitude • Stratosphere- temp as altitude increases. Ozone absorbs UV • Troposphere- temp as altitude temp near the surface vary greatly, contains 80 % of the atmosphere’s total mass Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Unit 3 Lesson 1 The Atmosphere Here Comes the Sun … • Ozone layer area in the stratosphere that contains a high concentration of ozone. It absorbs most of the sun’s radiation. • Greenhouse effectprocess by which certain gases in the atmosphere absorb & give off infrared radiation. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Conduction- transfer of thermal energy by collisions between particles in matter. Convection-transfer of thermal energy in a fluid by the movement of warmer and cooler fluid from place to place. Radiation-transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves. Unit 3 Lesson 3 Wind in the Atmosphere What causes wind? • Wind -movement of air caused by differences in air pressure. • Coriolis effect Earth rotates, causing winds to be deflected, or curved. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Unit 3 Lesson 3 Wind in the Atmosphere Feelin’ Breezy • Local winds -movement of air over short distances. They can blow from any direction. 1. Sea breeze 2. Land breeze 3. Valley breeze 4. Mountain breeze http://bentsci.edublogs.org/2009/11/17/sea-and-land-breezes / Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Unit 3 Lesson 3 Wind in the Atmosphere • Global winds wind systems that occur at or near Earth’s surface. 1. polar easterlies 2. westerlies 3. trade winds 4. Jet streams Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Unit 3 Lesson 3 Wind in the Atmosphere 4.Jet streams -narrow belts of highspeed winds that blow from west to east, between 7 km & 16 km above Earth’s surface. • Subtropical • Polar Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company