Download Direct object pronouns

Español 4
¡Bienvenidos!
¡Bienvenidos!
Temas:
 Breve repaso de los pretéritos
 Repaso de los Pronombres de complemento directo
 Pronombres usados como complemento indirecto
 El verbo gustar y sus usos
Objetivos:
Expresar acciones en el pasado usando el
pretérito
Escribir oraciones haciendo uso del
complemento directo e indirecto
Hablar acerca de los deportes y regalos
favoritos
 Ejemplos:
El pretérito de los verbos
regulares
Preterite of regular verbs
 Mi abuelo nació en España

One of the most common tense
in the whole Spanish language.
Sometimes is called the simple
past tense.
The preterite is the tense used to
express a completed action and
a time frame is often specified:
anoche, ayer, el mes pasado,
dos veces, la semana pasada,
My grandfather was born in Spain-Complete action
 ¿Qué compraste ayer?

What did you buy yestarday? – time frame
 ¿Qué comieron ustedes?

What did you eat?/- complete action
 ¿A qué hora llegaste?

What time did you arrive? – time frame
Formación del pretérito – verbos
regulares : ar, er, ir
comer
Hablar
 Yo
hablé
 Tú
hablaste
 Él/ella,Ud.
habló
 Nosotros
hablamos
 Vosotros
hablasteis
 Ellos/as,Uds.
hablaron
 Yo
comí
 Tú
comiste
 Él/ella, Ud.
comió
 Nosotros
comimos
 Vosotros
comisteis
 Ellos/as, Uds.
comieron
Verbos irregulares - Pretérito
Menores cambios
 1. Verbs ending in ar and er that
are stem change in the present
indicative are regular in the
preterite
 Ej:
 Encontrar, volver, cerrar
 2. Verbs ending in gar,- car- zar
change in the first person of the
preterite
Menores cambios
 3. Verbs whose stem ends in a
vowel change only in the third
person form, changing i to Y
singular and plural
 Ej:
 Leyó , leyeron
 Oyó , oyeron
 4. Stem changing verbs with
infinitives ending in ir change to O
to U or ie to i
 Ej:
 Ej:
 Pagué, busqué, empecé
 Durmió, murió, prefirió
El pretérito de 3 verbos irregulares
 Ser ( to be)
ir ( to go)
dar ( to give)
 Fui
fui
dí
 Fuiste
fuiste
diste
 Fue
fue
dio
 Fuimos
fuimos
dimos
 Fuisteis
fuisteis
disteis
 Fueron
fueron
dieron
 Note: that ser and ir have identical preterite forms; however, there is
no confusion as to meaning, because the context clarifies it. No
tienen acento
Los complementos directos,
y los pronombres de
complemento directo
Direct Objects and Direct
Object Pronouns
¿Dónde ves a Jorge y a Sarita?
¿Visitas a tu abuela con
frecuencia?
Where do you see Jorge
and Sarita?
I see them in
class.
Do you visit your
grandmother often?
Sí, la visito mucho.
Yes, I visit her a lot.
Los veo en clase.
El objecto directo es una cosa o persona que recibe la acción del verbo
I eat the tomatoes.
Yo como los tomates.
Óscar kisses his wife.
Óscar besa a su esposa.
¡A Personal!
¿Cómo identificar un objecto directo?
(en inglés porque es muy complicado)
A direct object is a thing or person that answers what or
whom, respectively, in the following equation:
SUBJECT + VERB + WHAT (WHOM)
DIRECT OBJECT
Yo
como
los tomates
WHAT?
WHOM?
¿Dónde ves a Jorge y a Sarita?
¿Visitas a tu abuela con
frecuencia?
Where do you see Jorge
and Sarita?
I see them in
class.
Do you visit your
grandmother often?
Sí, la visito mucho.
Yes, I visit her a lot.
Los veo en clase.
Pronouns are particles (little words) that take
the place of the object itself, so that the
object does not have to be repeated ad
nauseum . . .
Did you buy
?
Yes, I bought
.
Did you pay a lot for
?
Well,
wasn’t cheap.
Can you play
?
Yes, and my brother plays
too.
Pronouns are particles (little words) that take
the place of the object itself, so that the
object does not have to be repeated ad
nauseum . . .
Notice how many times “the piano” was repeated.
Pronouns are particles (little words) that take
the place of the object itself, so that the
object does not have to be repeated ad
nauseum . . .
A better, more concise way is to use pronouns
instead of repeating the noun over and over.
Did you buy
?
Yes, I bought
.
Did you pay a lot for ?
Well,
wasn’t cheap.
Can you play ?
Yes, and my brother plays
too.
Direct object pronouns in Spanish, just as in
English, take the place of the direct object
itself, so that the direct object does not have
to be repeated, and repeated, and repeated…
¿Compraste
Sí,
compré.
¿Puedes tocar ?
Sí, y mi hermano
?
sabe tocar también.
El Objeto Directo en español:
These are used
exclusively
for people
These are used
for people
and things
me
te
nos
os
lo, la los, las
(lo, la) (los, las)
Pronouns replace things or people
that are direct objects.
I eat the tomatoes.
Yo como los tomates.
Yo los como.
Notice that third-person direct object pronouns
agree in gender and number with the noun they
replace.
Now let’s see how pronouns replace
things or people that are direct objects.
Óscar kisses his wife.
Óscar besa a su esposa.
Óscar la besa.
Notice that third-person direct object pronouns
agree in gender and number with the noun they
replace.
Be aware that object pronouns, just like verbs,
must make a flip-flop transition when first and
second persons are involved in the conversation.
¿Me vas a invitar a tu fiesta?
Sí, te voy a invitar.
¿Nos puedes ayudar mañana?
No, no os puedo ayudar.
In negative sentences, the direct object pronoun
is placed between no and the conjugated verb.
Adolfo no la va a llamar.
Adolfo is not going to call her.
But, again, as in affirmative sentences, the
object pronoun may be attached to the end of
the infinitive or present participle.
Adolfo no va a llamarla.
UFF….¡ HEMOS
terminado!
Ahora…¡VAMOS a practicar!
Indirect object pronouns
Indirect objects usually tell to whom or for whom
something is done
An indirect object pronoun can be used with or
in place of the direct object
Indirect object pronouns that refer to people
are preceded by the personal a
An indirect object is almost always a person (occasionally a
thing) that is indirectly affected by the action of the verb.
What did Paco
give? The book.
That’s our direct Paco gave the book to me.
object.
To whom did
Paco give the
Paco
me
dio
el
libro.
book? To me.
That’s our
It is important to distinguish direct
indirect object.
objects from indirect objects.
The indirect object pronouns in
Spanish are as follows:
These are used
for people
These are used
mostly for
people and
sometimes
things
me
te
nos
os
le
les
Notice that the forms of the indirect
object pronouns are identical to the direct
object pronouns, except for the thirdperson singular and plural forms.
The prepositional forms that often accompany
the object pronouns are as follows:
These are mandatory
me (a mí)
te (a ti)
nos (a nosotros)
os (a vosotros)
le
les (a ustedes)
(a ellos)
(a ellas)
(a Juan)
(a Marta)
etc.
(a usted)
(a él)
(a ella)
These are optional
(for clarification or emphasis)
(More about this shortly)
Clarification and Emphasis
The pronouns le and les are ambiguous since they can
refer to many different individuals or groups,
respectively; thus, the prepositional forms are used to
clarify. Notice the following exchange:
¿A quién le vas a mandar el libro?
To whom are you going to send the book?
Le voy a mandar el libro a Alfredo.
I’m going to send the book to Alfredo.
An answer such as Le voy a mandar el libro
would obviously not be sufficient.
Gustar y verbos similares
The backwards verbs
El verbo gustar
• En español gustar significa “to be
pleasing”
• In English, the equivalent is “to like”
El verbo gustar
Por ejemplo:
• In English we say:
• En español decimos:
“I like Spanish.”
“To me, Spanish
is pleasing.”
I like basketball.
In English:
En español:
• “I” is the subject
• “basketball” is the
subject
• “like” is the verb
• “basketball” is
the direct object
(thing that is
pleasing to person)
• “to please” is the
verb
• “me” is the indirect
object (person
who is doing the
liking)
El Verbo Gustar
The form of the verb gustar
(gusta or gustan) does not depend on
who does the liking, but depends
on what is liked or what is pleasing.
El verbo gustar
Who is doing the “liking”?
Indirect Object Pronouns
(person to whom it is pleasing):
El verbo gustar
Construcción singular de GUSTAR
(A mí)
me
(A ti)
te
(A él/ella/Ud.) le
…el libro
GUSTA …nadar
(A nosotros)
nos
(A vosotros)
os
(A ellos/as)
les
…el chocolate
¿Cómo se dice en español?
I like swimming.
Me gusta la natación.
Elena likes tennis.
(A Elena) le gusta el tenis.
We don’t like English class.
No nos gusta la clase de inglés.
Carlos and Miguel like sports.
(A Carlos y a Miguel) les gustan los deportes.
Do you like Chinese food?
¿Te gusta la comida de china?
I like pizza a lot, but I like chocolate more.
Me gusta mucho la pizza, pero me gusta más el chocolate.
¿Te gusta el fútbol o el tenis?
Me gusta el fútbol.
¿Qué les gusta a los chicos?
A los chicos les gusta la natación.