Download VIRUSES AND BACTERIA!!

Wednesday/Thursday 4/29-4/30/2015
Agenda:
• Notes: Bacteria
• Activity: Human vs. Bacteria
• Activity: Summary and Comic Strip
• QUIZ: VIRUSES AND BACTERIA!!
Homework:
• Small Bacteria Big Trouble Worksheet
due Friday 5/1/2015 for 15 Points
Q4 WK6 D2
Bacteria
• Bacteria are prokaryotes, simple
and less complex living organisms.
• The bacteria discussed in this unit
are organisms that are composed
from the kingdom Eubacteria,
domain Bacteria and the kingdom
Archaebacteria, domain Archaea.
Eukaryotes VS Prokaryotes
• Eukaryotes
1. Has a nucleus & other
organelles
2. Large ribosomes
3. Has a cytoskeleton
4. Divides through mitosis
or meiosis
5. Asexual or sexual
reproduction
6. DNA is linear
• Prokaryotes
1. No nucleus or other
organelles
2. Small ribosomes
3. No cytoskeleton
4. Divides through binary
fission
5. Asexual ONLY
6. DNA is circular
Bacteria VS Virus
• Similarities
1. Both are microscopic
2. Both can evolve to
pathogens
3. There are helpful and
harmful viruses and
bacteria
• Differences
1. Bacteria are much
LARGER than a virus
2. Bacteria are living,
viruses are non-living
3. Bacteria are treated
through antibiotics,
viruses through vaccine
Bacterial shapes
1. Bacillus: rod-shaped cell
2. Coccus: round, spherical shaped cell
3. Spirillum: spiral cell
small bacteria…
TROUBLE
• HOMEWORK !!!
BIG
Good Bacteria 
Bacteria is known for causing us to feel sick, form diseases and
spoil food…so, what are the benefits of bacteria???
1. Food & Chemical Production: Many processed food are made by bacteria!
Example: Swiss cheese, pickles, olives, vinegar and sourdough bread.
Example: A bacterium clostridium produces acetone & butanol.
2. Mining & environmental use:
Powders containing petroleummetabolizing bacteria are used in the
clean up of oil spills, aiding in carbon
and nitrogen cycles
Bad Bacteria 
• Our bodies are a treasure chest of resources: proteins,
minerals, fats, carbs and vitamins.
We need and want these resources, but so does bacteria…
Competition for these resources can result in an illness
Escherichia coli and Salmonella: cause food
poisoning.
Helicobacter pylori cause gastritis and ulcers.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes the sexually
transmitted disease gonorrhea.
Neisseria meningitidis causes meningitis.
Staphylococcus aureus causes a variety of
infections in the body, including boils, cellulitis,
abscesses, wound infections, toxic shock
syndrome, pneumonia, and food poisoning
Streptococcal bacteria cause a variety of
infections in the body, including pneumonia,
meningitis, ear infections, and strep throat.
Case# 7222012:
The Human Body VS Bacteria
Handout
Q4 WK6 D1
FYI: 25 top dIrtIest thIngs we touch…
25. Door knobs
15. Bathtub
24. Fridge handle
14. Light switch
23. Vending machines
13. Oven mitt
22. Parking meters
12. Elevator button
21. Crosswalk buttons
11. Mailbox handle
20. ATM machine
…..
19. Remote control
18. Toilet seat
17. Cell phone
16. Inside bathroom stall latch
FYI: 25 top dIrtIest thIngs we touch…
10. Self check out- supermarket
9. Money ($1)
8. Gas pump handle
7. Escalator rails
6. Keyboards
5. Kitchen sink
4. Shopping carts
3. Drinking fountain
2. Playground equipment
1. Your mouth 
Friday 5/1/2015
Agenda:
• Activity: Finish Good and Bad
Bacteria Comic Strip
• Make up/Correction Day
• GRADEBOOK CLOSES 5/19/2015!!
Homework:
Microbe Magic due Monday
5/4/2015
Monday 5/4/2015
Agenda:
• Notes: Antibiotics and Resistant
Bacteria
• Activity: Unknown World
• GRADEBOOK CLOSES 5/19/2015!!
Homework:
No Homework Tonight
Antibiotics
• Bacteria replicate through binary fission
How do antibiotics work???
Antibiotics: Chemicals that interfere with the replication
process of bacteria
Development of Antibiotics
In 1928, British bacteriologist Alexander Fleming
noticed bacteria did NOT grow around a fungus found on
a petri dishes, the fungus was from the genus Penicillium.
CONCLUSION: The fungus growing in the petri dish secreted a
substance killing the bacteria.
Alexander Fleming later isolated the substance and named it Penicillin.
TODAY: Penicillin is effective in treating bacterial diseases
such as pneumonia.
Using antibiotics
• Antibiotics are made to interfere with a cellular processes,
viruses have NO cellular process.
• Antibiotics are NOT effective against viruses.
• Antibiotics can be found in nature or chemically imitated.
Examples:
Garlic, echinacea, Pau D’Arco or Manuka Honey
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria
• Over the years, some bacteria has evolved to become resistant to
antibiotics, allowing it to survive, reproduce & pass on their
resistant traits.
Antibiotic resistance is a type of mutation; an error in bacterial
DNA
Bacteria will multiply VERY rapidly. A bacterial infection can double
its population in as little as 20 minutes.
An antibiotic resistant mutation is an advantage,
allowing it to quickly spread its population.
The Unknown World
Tuesday 5/5/2015
Agenda:
• Activity: Public Service
Announcement
• Due at the end of the hour for 30
Points on your stamp sheet
• GRADEBOOK CLOSES 5/19/2015!!
Homework:
No Homework Tonight
Public Service Announcement
• Public service announcement is used to make the public
(people) aware of an issue, outbreak, etc.
• Each student will select a bacterial disease to create a
public service announcement poster.
Pg. 447
Disease
Pathogen
Vector/Reservoir
Epidemiology
Anthrax
Bacillus anthracis
Animals, including
Bacterial infection that
can be transmitted through processed skins contact or ingested. Rare except in sporadic
outbreaks. May be fatal.
Chlamydia
Chlamydia trachomatis
Humans, STD
Urogenital infections with
possible spread to eyes and respiratory tract. Occurs worldwide; increasingly common over past
20 years.
Cholera
Vibrio cholerae
Human feces, plankton
Causes severe diarrhea
that can lead to death by dehydration; 50% peak mortality if the disease goes untreated. A
major killer in times of crowding and poor sanitation; over 100,000 died in Rwanda in 1994
during a cholera outbreak.
Lyme disease
Borrelia bergdorferi
Ticks, deer, small rodents
Spread through bite of
infected tick. Lesion followed by malaise, fever, fatigue, pain, stiff neck, and headache.
Typhus
Rickettsia typhi
Lice, rat fleas, humans
Historically a major
killer in times of crowding and poor sanitation; transmitted from human to human through the
bite of infected lice and fleas. Typhus has a peak untreated mortality rate of 70%.
Growing Bacteria Lab
Bio warfare
• The deliberate exposure of people to biological toxins or
pathogens such as bacteria or viruses.
• These bioweapons are a concern for any gov’t.
• Biologists are working on new approaches to recognize
the onset of an attack with a bioweapon, to treat infected
people and to slow the spread on any outbreak.
History of Biowarfare
• 1340
Attackers hurled dead horses and other animals by catapult at
the castle of Thun L'Eveque in Hainault, in what is now northern
France. The defenders reported that "the stink and the air were
so abominable...they could not long endure" and negotiated a
truce.
• 1422
At Karlstein in Bohemia, attacking forces launched the
decaying cadavers of men killed in battle over the castle
walls. They also stockpiled animal manure in the hope of
spreading illness. Yet the defense held fast, and the siege
was abandoned after five months.