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Sole of the foot By Essam Eldin Salama Cutaneous nerve supply 1- Medial calcannean nerves: 2345- from posterior tibial nerve; supplying the posterior part. Cutaneous branches of lateral planter nerve; supplying lateral third. Cutaneous branches of medial planter nerve; supplying medial two thirds. Digital branches of lateral planter nerve; supplying the lateral one and half toes. Digital branches of medial planter nerve; supplying the medial three and half toes. Planter aponeurosis 1- Thickened deep fascia of the sole. 2- Attached to calcanean tubercles posteriorly, anterioly it is divided to five slips; one for each toe; become continues with the fibrous flexor sheath for each toe. 3- It protects the underlying structures and maintains the longitudinal arch of the foot. muscular layers FIRST LAYER 1- Abductor hallucis: supplied by medial planter nerve, it abducts the big toe. 2- abductor digiti minimi: supplied by the medial planter nerve, it abducts the little toe( also abductor for the 5th metatarsal bone) . 3- Flexor digitorum brevis: supplied by medial planter nerve, it flexes the lateral four toes. SECOND LAYER 1- tendon of flexor digitorum longus. 2- Tendon of flexor hallucis longus. 3- Quadratus plantae (Flexor digitorum accessorius).supplied by lateral planter nerve, 4- Lumbricals; the 1st is supplied by the medial planter nerve, the lateral three are supplied by the lateral planter nerve. THIRD LAYER 1- Flexor hallucis brevis; supplied by medial planter nerve, 2- Flexor digiti minimi brevis; supplied by lateral planter nerve, 3- Adductor hallucis; supplied by lateral FOURTH LAYER 1- Tendon of peroneus longus. 2- Tendon of tibialis posterior. 3- Planter interossei; three in number, the 1st and 2nd supplied by deep branch of lateral planter nerve, the 3rd is supplied by superficial branch of lateral planter nerve, 4- Dorsal interossei; four in number, the medial three are supplied by the deep branch of lateral planter nerve, the 4th is supplied by superficial branch of lateral planter nerve, ARCHES OF THE FOOT Longitudinal arch 1- Medial longitudenal arch; its posterior pillar is calcaneus, the key stone is talus, its anterior pillar is navecular, three cuneiforms and the first three metatarsals. 2- Lateral longitudenal arch; its posterior pillar is calcaneus, its anterior pillar is cuboid, the 4th and 5th metatarsals. Transverse arch It is incomplete. Formed by the bases of the metatarsal bones and the distal row of the tarsal bones Factors maintaining arches of the foot 1- Shape of bone 2- Legamentous attachments. 3- Long tendons. 4- Short muscles of the foot. 5- Planter aponeuorosis.