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Sole of the foot
By Essam Eldin Salama
Cutaneous nerve supply
1- Medial calcannean nerves:
2345-
from posterior tibial nerve;
supplying the posterior part.
Cutaneous branches of
lateral planter nerve;
supplying lateral third.
Cutaneous branches of
medial planter nerve;
supplying medial two thirds.
Digital branches of lateral
planter nerve; supplying the
lateral one and half toes.
Digital branches of medial
planter nerve; supplying the
medial three and half toes.
Planter aponeurosis
1- Thickened deep fascia
of the sole.
2- Attached to calcanean
tubercles posteriorly,
anterioly it is divided
to five slips; one for
each toe; become
continues with the
fibrous flexor sheath
for each toe.
3- It protects the
underlying structures
and maintains the
longitudinal arch of the
foot.
muscular layers
FIRST LAYER
1- Abductor hallucis:
supplied by medial
planter nerve, it
abducts the big toe.
2- abductor digiti minimi:
supplied by the medial
planter nerve, it
abducts the little toe(
also abductor for the
5th metatarsal bone) .
3- Flexor digitorum
brevis: supplied by
medial planter nerve, it
flexes the lateral four
toes.
SECOND LAYER
1- tendon of flexor
digitorum longus.
2- Tendon of flexor
hallucis longus.
3- Quadratus plantae
(Flexor digitorum
accessorius).supplied
by lateral planter
nerve,
4- Lumbricals; the 1st is
supplied by the medial
planter nerve, the
lateral three are
supplied by the lateral
planter nerve.
THIRD LAYER
1- Flexor hallucis brevis;
supplied by medial
planter nerve,
2- Flexor digiti minimi
brevis; supplied by
lateral planter nerve,
3- Adductor hallucis;
supplied by lateral
FOURTH LAYER
1- Tendon of peroneus
longus.
2- Tendon of tibialis
posterior.
3- Planter interossei;
three in number, the 1st
and 2nd supplied by
deep branch of lateral
planter nerve, the 3rd is
supplied by superficial
branch of lateral
planter nerve,
4- Dorsal interossei;
four in number,
the medial three
are supplied by
the deep branch
of lateral planter
nerve, the 4th is
supplied by
superficial branch
of lateral planter
nerve,
ARCHES OF THE FOOT
Longitudinal arch
1- Medial longitudenal
arch; its posterior pillar
is calcaneus, the key
stone is talus, its
anterior pillar is
navecular, three
cuneiforms and the first
three metatarsals.
2- Lateral longitudenal
arch; its posterior pillar
is calcaneus, its
anterior pillar is cuboid,
the 4th and 5th
metatarsals.
Transverse
arch
It is incomplete.
Formed by the bases of
the metatarsal bones
and the distal row of
the tarsal bones
Factors maintaining
arches of the foot
1- Shape of bone
2- Legamentous
attachments.
3- Long tendons.
4- Short muscles of the
foot.
5- Planter aponeuorosis.