Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Daily Warm-up Tuesday, October 14th What are the two stages of photosynthesis? What happens in each? HW: -Read 8.3 and 8.4 Turn in: -Nothing AP Biology PHOTOSYNTHESIS!!!! AP Biology Modes of Nutrition Obtainment Autotrophs Heterotrophs What are fungi? AP Biology Photosynthesis and Energy Endergonic~ anabolic AP Biology Properties of Light AP Biology C AP Biology Pigments Chlorophyll Most common Carotenoids May broaden absorption spectrum Photoprotection AP Biology Location of Photosynthesis Chloroplast Thylakoid Stroma AP Biology 2 Stages of Photosynthesis 1. Light reaction (light-dependent) Takes place in thylakoids Requires water as electron donor Oxygen is released as a byproduct NADPH and ATP produced to be used by Calvin cycle 2. Calvin Cycle (light-independent) Sugars produced Takes place in stroma (fluid within AP Biology chloroplast) AP Biology Light-Dependent Reactions Needs sunlight Produces water Makes ATP and NADPH Occurs in the thylakoids AP Biology Photosystems Photosystem II Starting location of photosynthesis Pigments excited when light reaches them Electron passes through electron transport chain AP Biology AP Biology Calvin Cycle Uses ATP and NADPH from light reactions to produce sugars Produces a 3-carbon sugar To do this, Calvin cycle must go around three times! Requires 3 molecules of CO2 AP Biology Phases Phase 1: Carbon Fixation Attachment of carbon to pre-existing five-carbon sugar (RuBP) Enzyme that does this: Rubisco!!! Forms two 3-carbon sugars AP Biology Phase 2: Reduction ATP phosphorylates carbon molecule NADPH stores energy in the new form AP Biology Becomes NADP+ AP Biology Phase 3: Regeneration of CO2 Acceptor Making remaining carbon back into RuBP Loss of more ATP AP Biology Inputs and Outputs Light Reaction Input: Water, light, NADP+ Light Reaction Output: ATP, oxygen, NADPH Calvin Cycle Input: ATP, NADPH, CO2 , RuBP Calvin Cycle Output: AP Biology ADP, NADP+, 1 G3P Evolution of Photosynthesis C3 Plants C4 Plants CAM Plants AP Biology