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Daily Warm-up Tuesday, October 14th
What are the two stages of
photosynthesis? What happens in
each?
HW:
-Read 8.3 and 8.4
Turn in:
-Nothing
AP Biology
PHOTOSYNTHESIS!!!!
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Modes of Nutrition Obtainment
 Autotrophs
 Heterotrophs
What are fungi?
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Photosynthesis and Energy
 Endergonic~ anabolic
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Properties of Light
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C
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Pigments
 Chlorophyll

Most common
 Carotenoids
May broaden
absorption
spectrum
 Photoprotection

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Location of Photosynthesis
 Chloroplast

Thylakoid

Stroma
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2 Stages of Photosynthesis
1. Light reaction (light-dependent)
Takes place in thylakoids
 Requires water as electron donor
 Oxygen is released as a byproduct
 NADPH and ATP produced to be used by
Calvin cycle

2. Calvin Cycle (light-independent)
Sugars produced
 Takes place in stroma (fluid within
AP Biology chloroplast)

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Light-Dependent Reactions
 Needs sunlight
 Produces water
 Makes ATP and NADPH
 Occurs in the thylakoids

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Photosystems
Photosystem II
 Starting location of photosynthesis
 Pigments excited when light reaches them
 Electron passes through electron
transport chain
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Calvin Cycle
 Uses ATP and NADPH from light
reactions to produce sugars
 Produces a 3-carbon sugar

To do this, Calvin cycle must go around
three times!
 Requires 3 molecules of CO2
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Phases
Phase 1: Carbon Fixation
 Attachment of carbon to pre-existing
five-carbon sugar (RuBP)
Enzyme that does this: Rubisco!!!
 Forms two 3-carbon sugars

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Phase 2: Reduction
 ATP phosphorylates carbon molecule
 NADPH stores energy in the new form

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Becomes NADP+
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Phase 3: Regeneration of CO2 Acceptor
 Making remaining carbon back into
RuBP
 Loss of more ATP
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Inputs and Outputs
 Light Reaction Input:

Water, light, NADP+
 Light Reaction Output:

ATP, oxygen, NADPH
 Calvin Cycle Input:

ATP, NADPH, CO2 , RuBP
 Calvin Cycle Output:

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ADP, NADP+, 1 G3P
Evolution of Photosynthesis
 C3 Plants
 C4 Plants
 CAM Plants
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