Download Powerpoint Review of Fish, Amphibians, and Reptiles

Fish, Amphibians,
and Reptiles
• All vertebrates have
an endoskeleton.
– An endoskeleton
supports and
protects the body.
• Backbone, skull,
and ribs.
– It gives the body
shape
– It gives the muscles
a place to attach
Vertebrates
Fish
• Largest group of vertebrates
• Ectotherms (cold-blooded)
– The organism’s body temperature is the same as
its environment.
• Fins used for moving
• Gills for breathing
– As water flows over the gills, oxygen moves from
the water into the fish’s blood.
• Scales for protection
• 3 kinds
– based on mouth structure and type of skeleton.
Jawless Fish
• Jawless fish have
skeletons made of
cartilage
– Cartilage is a strong tissue
that supports the body, but
it is flexible and softer than
bone.
• Jawless fish have mouth
structures that scrape,
suck, and stab their food.
• Example: Hagfish and
Lamprey fish
Cartilaginous
• Skeletons made of
flexible cartilage
• Jaws and Fins
• Rough tooth-like
scales
– Rougher than
sandpaper!!!
• Example: Sharks
and Stingrays
One More
Stingrays are Cartilaginous Fish
Too!!
Bony
• 95% of all fish
• Skeletons made of
hard bone
• Scales and gills
• Swim bladder
– An internal gas-filled
sac that helps the fish
to stabilize its body at
different depths
• Examples: trout,
perch, goldfish, bass,
carp, brim, etc…
Amphibians
• Ectothermic (cold-blooded)
• Thin, moist skin
• Water/land dwellers
– Its early part of life is spent in the water, and the
adult life is spent on land. As adults, most
amphibian bodies are supported by a sturdy
skeleton.
• Metamorphosis
– Most amphibians lay eggs in the water. Because
their eggs are not waterproof, they are surrounded
by a thick coat of a jelly-like substance. These eggs
then hatch into larvae that swim and have gills for
obtaining oxygen. As they become adults, they lose
their gills and acquire lungs. They also obtain
oxygen through their skin.
Amphibian Humor
Kinds of Amphibians
• Examples: Frogs, toads, salamanders, etc..
• Ectothermic(cold-blooded)
• Lungs
• Land dwellers
– They have adaptations that keep them from drying out.
– The first vertebrates to live full time on dry land.
• Scaly skin
– Used to protect their body and prevent water loss
– Reptiles also have a kidney: an organ that collects wastes in the
body and are excreted through urine. Concentrated Urine!!! (very
little water loss)
• Lay hard-shelled eggs
- laid on dry land
- the first waterproof eggs
Reptiles
Turtles are the only reptiles with shells.