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Glory, God & Gold- The 3 main reasons for European
Exploration.
Caravel- A ship with triangular sails that could sail against the
wind.
Astrolabe- Instrument that measured how far north or south a
ship was from the equator.
Magnetic Compass- Used magnetism to determine north, south,
east & west.
Prince Henry- Huge supporter of exploration that created a
school in Portugal for people to perfect their trade.
Columbus- Hired by Spain to find a faster route to Asia but
instead landed in the Americas.
Treaty of Tordisillas- Created the Line of Demarcation in the
hopes of avoiding war between Portugal and Spain.
Diaz- The first explorer to round the tip of Africa.
DaGama- The first explorer to sail to India.
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Peninsulares- People from Spain who lived in
the Americas.
Mestizo- The population that arose from the
intermarriage of Spanish and native peoples.
Encomienda- System set up by Spanish
landowners that forced the natives to work the
land.
Bartolome de Las Casas- Spanish priest that
advocated for better treatment of Native
Americans and the end of the encomienda
system.
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Do you feel modern day space travel to Mars
or other planets will prove beneficial? Why?
Would you participate in such a voyage?
Why?
Prior to 1400, Europe
had contact with the
rest of the world only
through
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1.
2.
1100’s The Crusades
1275 Marco Polo in
China
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Due to the Crusades,
the desire for goods
from the east was very
high in Europe. By
1400, Europeans were
ready to get more
goods at better prices.
Exploration began out
of a desire for: Glory,
God & Gold
Wealth
1.
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Spice Trade (nutmeg,
cinnamon, ginger &
pepper)
Luxury Goods
Italy controlled trade so
other countries also
wanted money from
trade…England, Spain,
Portugal & France.
2. Spread Christianity
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Crusades caused desire
for Christians to spread
religion
3. Desire for Land
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Lack of space for
farming, etc
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Exploration was also made
possible because of
advancements in
technology. The most
important were:
1.
2.
3.
Caravel: Ship with
triangular sails that could
sail against the wind
Astrolabe: instrument
that used stars to
measure how far north or
south a ship was from the
equator.
Magnetic Compass
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Many countries became
powerful through
exploration.
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Portugal was the first
because of Prince Henry’s
navigation school.
2 Portuguese explorers
were very important
1.
2.
Diaz: 1st to round tip of S.
Africa
DaGama: 1st to sail to
India
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They established many
trading ports on the
West coast of Africa.
This made Spain very
jealous. So Columbus
was sent westward to
find a faster route to
Asia
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This created a huge rivalry
between Spain and Portugal.
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To stave off war, they signed
the Treaty of Tordisilla in 1494.
This established the Line of
Demarcation giving all lands
east of the line to Portugal
and all lands west of the line
to Spain.
 At first, line was too far east
and Portugal complained so
they moved line west to
include part of Brazil.
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The other country that
became a power through
exploration was The
Netherlands. By 1600 they
had the largest fleet of
vessels numbering 20,000!
At first they teamed up
with England to kick the
Portuguese out of the far
east but as soon as they
were gone, they turned on
England and forced them
out as well!
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After Columbus, many
explorers sailed to the
“New World”.
 Spanish
conquerors
were called
conquistadors
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They transformed the
lands they conquered
into colonies: Land
owned by another
country
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In building their new
empire, the Spanish
drew from the
techniques employed
during the Reconquista
(effort to drive the
Muslims out of Spain).
They lived among the
natives and imposed
Spanish culture upon
them.
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The Spanish who lived
in the Americas were
called: Peninsulares
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These were mostly men
so they married native
women.
Their marriages
created a large mestizo
or mixed population
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Although the Spanish
lived among the natives,
they oppressed them in a
system known as the
Encomienda.
It worked like this:
Natives were forced to:
farm, ranch, or mine for
the Spanish landlords
 The holders of the
encomiendas or land
grants promised the
Spanish authorities they
would treat the natives
fairly but they did not.
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Not only did the
Spanish force the
natives to work for
them but they forced
them to be Christian.
Many conquistadors
marched north in an
effort to spread
Christianity.
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As Spanish priests
worked to spread
Christianity, they also
worked for:
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Better treatment of
Native Americans
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A Spanish priest,
Bartolome de Las Casas
pushed especially hard for
this. He wrote, “There is
nothing more detestable
or cruel than the tyranny
which the Spaniards use
toward the Indians for the
getting of riches.”
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Due to the writings of
these men, the Spanish
banished the
Encomienda System in
1542.
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Not only did the Spanish
work many natives to
death but killed them in
another way as well…
Disease- small pox,
typhus, measles
 This will lead to the slave
trade
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 Spain was the 1st country to
import slaves
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All of this was to set up a
system called: The
Columbian Exchange
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What created the Europeans desire for foreign goods and
products?
What were the 3 main reasons fro European Exploration?
What technological advancements made European Exploration
possible?
Why was Portugal able to take the lead in Exploration?
What was created to prevent war between Spain and Portugal?
What was the Mestizo population?
What was the Encomienda System?
Describe the difference of the Spanish landowners and priests in
the treatment of Native Americans.
What led to the Atlantic Slave Trade?