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European Exploration & Colonization A spirit of was brewing throughout Europe in the 1400’s, 1500’s, 1600’s,…. One way they could show their strength was to The “Big Three” countries in Europe who were competing for land were All three countries explored for the same reasons--“The Three G’s” North American Territories Russia Britain France Spain Spanish in North America Reasons: • Gold – wealth looking for gold; conquistadors • God – religion spread influence of Catholic Church; convert Native Americans; built missions • Glory – power looking for route to Asia; gain colonies Spanish in North America • West Indies; Mexico; Florida; Southwest United States; Texas; Central America and South America • built missions to convert Native Americans Spanish in North America Negative Consequences: • diseases • slavery (Native American and Africans) • forced Native Americans to convert to Catholic religion • authoritarian government • guns Positive/Lasting Contributions: • language (place names: Rio Grande, San Antonio etc..) • religion (Catholic Church) • ranching industry (horses & cattle) • mining industry • architecture (1 to 2 story houses, sloped roofs, wooden boards or brick) • cash crop agriculture (people owning and working their own land, growing crops to sell for profit) French in North America Reasons: • Gold – wealth looking for gold; fur trade • God – religion spread influence of Catholic Church • Glory – power gain colonies and look for NW passage across northern part of North America to East Asia French in North America • St. Lawrence River; Great Lakes; Mississippi River; Missouri River • Louisiana • Canada • built towns along waterways centers of trade and commerce • settlements and land claims spread from the north toward the south along navigable river systems French in North America • Adapted to the Native American way of life to encourage trade: French fur traders and other merchants established trading posts, learned native languages, dressed like the natives, and tried to establish friendly relations. French in North America Negative Consequences: • diseases • peasant system of farming • fur trade • guns Positive/Lasting Contributions: • language (Louisiana) • religion (Catholic Church missionaries lived peacefully in Native American villages) • architecture (2 story houses covered porches wrought iron railings) • respect for Native American culture Dutch in North America Reasons: • Gold – wealth looking for gold; fur trade • God – religion Catholic Church • Glory – power gain colonies Dutch in North America • Hudson River in New York • founded New Amsterdam present day New York City Dutch in North America Negative Consequences: • diseases • fur trade • guns Positive/Lasting Contributions: • language (place names: Harlem, Bronx, Catskills Mts.) • religion (Catholic Church) • architecture (brick houses with steep roofs) English in North America Reasons: • Gold – wealth looking for gold; tobacco way to make money Jamestown Colony 1607 • God – freedom of religion; Protestant Church Pilgrims of Plymouth Colony 1620 • Glory – power gain colonies English in North America • established strong settlements along east coast Atlantic Ocean • Original 13 Colonies • After initial settlement of Jamestown (all men) whole families moved to established new lives built towns that were similar to English villages. English in North America • settled in area to live and farm or trade • At first wanted to get along with Native Americans until they got in their way of further settlement – then they used force to remove them so that other English could settle more easily. English in North America Negative Consequences: • diseases • conflicts with Native Americans (taking land, fencing fields, cutting down trees and killing game) • imported African slaves • tobacco industry • guns Positive/Lasting Contributions: • American concepts of law & government (self-government, representative assemblies, written laws, equality under the law) • language • religion (diversity, freedom of religion) • architecture (1 to 2 story houses, sloped roofs, wooden boards or brick) • cash crop agriculture (people owning and working their own land, growing crops to sell for profit) Spain, France and England • All three nations were competitive in their attempts to gain new colonies. • All three nations were laying claims to the same territories in North America. • All three nations were trying to “out do” the others in a search for wealth and power. Key Questions 1. Do people ever have the right to take another’s property? If so, when? If not, why not? Why did Europeans believe they had the right to take and use land that had been Native American land? 2. Within a few generations of the European's arrival, the Native American population of the Americas was reduced by 90%. What caused this decrease? Was it essential? Is this an example of genocide? Was the purpose of European colonization to spread civilization or promote national interest? 3. Between 1500 and 1750, the nations of Western Europe took over almost all of North and South America. Between 1750-1900, they did the same in Asia and Africa. They claimed to have done so to spread Christianity and their idea of civilization. The greatest immediate changes that resulted from this conquest and colonization were that the natives in these areas became poorer while Europe became immensely rich and powerful. Do you think the Europeans were being honest when they claimed to be doing this for the good of Native Americans? Explain.