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Chapter 11 in Review Forces in Fluids Section 1: Pressure • Pressure decreases as the force over which the area increases. Force Pressure = Area Units should have two parts, the force slash area ex. N/cm2 , N/m2 (or Pa), lb/in2 (or psi) • In fluids, all of the forces exerted by the individual particles combine to make up the pressure exerted by the fluid. • A Fluid is anything that flows (gas or liquid) • As elevation increases, pressure decreases. • As depth increases, pressure increases. • When pressure is measured in N/m2 we call them Pascals (Pa). • We measure atmospheric pressure with a barometer. Aneroid barometer Mercury (Hg) barometer Section 2: Floating and Sinking • Buoyant force is an upward force caused by pressure from displaced fluids and makes the object seem lighter. • When an object is placed in a fluid, it displaces a volume of fluid equal to it’s own volume. • By comparing densities, you can determine whether an object sinks or floats. • Density = mass/volume • If an object is more dense than the fluid it is in, it will sink. • If an object is less dense than the fluid it is in, it will float. • If it is the same density as the fluid, it will float at a constant level. • Archimedes came up with a principle which states that the buoyant force on an object is equal to the weight of the fluid that was displaced by the object. Section 3: Pascal’s Principle • Pascal’s principle states that when a forces is applied to a confined fluid, the change in pressure is transmitted equally to all parts of the fluid. • A hydraulic system uses Pascal’s principle to multiply force by transmitting pressure between to different sized surface areas. Section 4: Bernoulli’s Principle • He was SWISS! • Principle states that as the speed of a moving fluid (gas or liquid) increases, the pressure within the fluid decreases. • Lift is an upward force casued by Bernoulli’s principle.