Download The Rise of Dictators

The Rise of Dictators
"German troops in Poland." Image. National Archives. World History: The Modern Era. ABC-CLIO, 2011. Web. 3
Dec. 2011.
World-Wide Depression
In 1929, an economic crisis began in the United States and spread worldwide.
As the Depression wore on, many people lost faith in the ability of democratic
government to solve the problems of the world.
These conditions led to the rise of extremists who promised radical solutions.
Totalitarianism- Form of government in which all aspects of society, politics, and
the economy are under the government’s control (Germany, Soviet Union, Italy,
and Japan during WWII)
"Joseph Stalin." Image. Library of Congress.
World History: The Modern Era. ABC-CLIO,
2011. Web. 3 Dec. 2011.
"Benito Mussolini." Image. The Illustrated London
News Picture Library. World History: The Modern
Era. ABC-CLIO, 2011. Web. 3 Dec. 2011.
"Adolf Hitler." Image. Library of Congress. World History:
The Modern Era. ABC-CLIO, 2011. Web. 3 Dec. 2011.
The Soviet Union
http://www.armchairgeneral.com/forums/showthread.php?t=100013
Communist Russia- The
Creation of the Soviet
Union
The Russian Revolution occurred from
1917 to 1920, changing Russia into a
Communist nation.
By 1922, Vladimir Lenin would unite
the old Russian empire into the Union
of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR).
"Vladimir Lenin and Joseph Stalin in 1922." Image. The Illustrated London News
Picture Library. World History: The Modern Era. ABC-CLIO, 2011. Web. 4 Dec. 2011.
Lenin’s successor, Joseph Stalin used
ruthless measures to win dictatorial
power.
Stalin worked to establish control of all aspects of life in the Soviet Union. He
controlled not only the government, but also the economy.
Stalin’s Five Year Plans
Goal: build heavy industry, improve transportation, and
increase farm output to modernize and industrialize the Soviet
Union.
Command economy- government officials made all basic
economic decisions.
In 1934, Stalin turned against members of the Old Bolsheviks. In
1937, he launched the Great Purge, a campaign of terror
directed at eliminating anyone who opposed Stalin.
Critics were sent to the Gulag, a system of labor camps
Historians estimate that during this time he was responsible for
at least 4 million people purged.
Stalin’s government controlled all press
Under Stalin, the government used propaganda, censored
opposing ideas, imposed Russian culture on minorities, and
replace religion with the ideals of communism.
Soviet may have killed as many as 60 million people.
Italy
http://www.lonelyplanet.com/maps/europe/italy/
Fascism in Italy
Fascism - any centralized, authoritarian government system that
is not communist whose policies glorify the state over the
individual and are destructive to basic human rights
Fascist states show extreme nationalism.
Fascists glorified action, violence, discipline, aggressive foreign
expansion and above all, loyalty to the state.
Dissatisfaction and Unrest
Fascism's rise in Italy was fueled by bitter disappointment over
the failure to win large territory at the 1919 Treaty of Versailles.
Rising taxes and unemployment also contributed to widespread
social unrest.
Mussolini Takes Power
Benito Mussolini founded the Fascist
Party in 1919 and boldly promised to end
corruption and replace turmoil with
order.
Mussolini dictatorship was upheld by
terror. Critics were thrown into prison,
forced into exile, or murdered. Secret
police and propaganda strengthen the
regime.
"Benito Mussolini." Image. The Illustrated London News
Picture Library. World History: The Modern Era. ABC-CLIO,
2011. Web. 4 Dec. 2011.
The Appeal of Fascism
Mussolini built a totalitarian state. -Oneparty dictatorship attempts to regulate
every aspect of the lives of its citizens
1. Strong, stable
government
2. National Pride
Germany
http://www.thomasgraz.net/glass/map-D-1920.htm
The Rise of Nazi Germany
Weimar Republic to Nazi Germany
Germans of all classes blamed the
Weimar Republic for the hated
Versailles treaty.
German inflation was high. The
Deutsche Mark was almost worthless. 100 marks in July 1922 was 944,000
marks by August 1923.
Dawes Plan - Germany economy was
able to recover, but the Great
Depression hit and Germany was back
in an economic crisis
"German currency used as wallpaper during 1923 crisis." Image.
Hulton Archive. World History: The Modern Era. ABC-CLIO, 2011.
Web. 3 Dec. 2011.
In 1919, Adolf Hitler joined a right-wing political group. The
group named itself the National Socialist German Workers’
Party, or Nazi party.
Hitler’s success as an organizer and speaker led him to be
chosen as the Führer.
The Nazis plotted to stage a coup in Munich in 1923. The
attempt failed, and Hitler was imprisoned. While in prison,
Hitler wrote Mein Kampf (“My Struggle”)
Mein Kampf set forth Hitler's beliefs and goals for Germany.
1. Superior race of Aryans
2. Anti-Semitism
3. Blamed Germany’s defeat in WWI on a conspiracy of Marxist,
Jews, corrupt politicians, and business leaders
4. Unite into one great nation-expand
"The Rise of Fascism in Europe
(Visual)." World History: The
Modern Era. ABC-CLIO, 2011.
Web. 3 Dec. 2011.
As unemployment rose, Nazi membership grew to almost a million.
Hitler appealed to veterans, workers, the lower middle class, small-town
Germans, and business people.
He promised to end reparations, create jobs, and defy the Versailles treaty
by rearming Germany.
In January 1933, President Paul von Hindenburg named Hitler chancellor.
Hitler used his new power to turn Germany into a dictatorship.
Hatred of the Jewish population was a key part of Nazi ideology. Beginning
in 1933, the Nazis passed new laws.
Nuremberg Laws deprived Jews of German citizenship and placed severe
restrictions on them.
The Night of Broken Glass
Retaliation for the murder of a German embassy official by a
Jewish gunman
“Kristallnacht” Hitler allowed mob attacks against Jewish
neighborhoods to go unpunished
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Naval_Ensign_of_Japan.svg
Imperial Japan
Korea was colonized in 1910.
Japan became an industrial power from WWI and wanted to
continue having international prestige.
After WWI, Japan took over former German possessions in East
Asia.
They planned a Pacific empire that included a conquered Manchuria
which would provide Japan with raw materials and a market for its
goods.
Hirohito - Emperor of Japan
Declared that his reign would be dedicated to
enlightened peace
Historians remain divided on how large a role
Hirohito had in the day-to-day running of Japan in
the years before WWII.
Japan was not a totalitarian dictatorship.
"Hirohito." Image. Library of
Congress. World History: The
Modern Era. ABC-CLIO, 2011.
Web. 4 Dec. 2011.
“The Rape of Nanjing”
December 1937
Angered by Chinese resistance, Japanese forces were given
free rein over the captured city of Nanjing
Japanese soldiers raped, tortured, and killed over 200,000
civilians in one of the worst war crimes in modern history
Hideki Tojo
Army General who was appointed head of
Japan’s militarist government by Hirohito and
given the responsibility of carrying out
Japan’s war effort
Ordered the attack on Pearl Harbor and
approved of the mistreatment of prisoners of
war in the Philippines & Burma
In 1931, the Japanese army seized Manchuria. Many League of Nations
members protested. Japan ignored the protest and withdrew from the
League.
By 1940, they controlled a large part of China, had signed a treaty with
Thailand, and occupied French Indochina.
Their sights were focused on establishing an imperial controlling the
Pacific.
http://imperialsm-by-brady.wikispaces.com/Japan+Modernizes
http://imperialsm-by-brady.wikispaces.com/Japan+Modernizes
http://www.historyplace.com/worldhistory/genocide/nanking.htm
The Strength of the League of Nations
1. Never recovered from America’s refusal to join
2. No standing army
3. Short on action.
Hitler Violates the Treaty of Versailles
Began to rebuild the German military, both by increasing its
size and by developing new weaponry
Unchecked Aggression
Italy invaded Ethiopia in 1935.
Hitler reclaimed Saar from French control in 1935.
Hitler moved troops back into the demilitarized zone along the
Rhine River (1936)
France & Britain, while disturbed by Hitler’s moves, took no action
Appeasement: granting concessions to a potential enemy in the
hope that they will maintain peace.
German Expansionism
In March of 1938, Hitler annexed his homeland of Austria into
Germany, thereby uniting most Germanic people of Europe
His next goal was to add German speaking areas in Poland and
Czechoslovakia.
The Munich Conference
When Hitler demanded that Czechoslovakia return territory (the
Sudetenland) that it had been given as part of the Treaty of Versailles,
the Czechs called Britain and France for protection
Britain arranged for a conference with Germany in fall of 1938
(Czechoslovakia was not invited to attend) to reach a peaceful
resolution to the Sudetenland crisis
Britain and France agreed to allow Hitler to take the Sudetenland from
Czechoslovakia; Hitler, in turn, promised that he would engage in no
further territorial aggression in Europe
British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain returned home declaring to
the British public that “I believe it is peace for our time.”
Why did Britain and France repeatedly make
concessions to Germany?
Soviet Non Aggression
Pact
Hitler negotiated in secret with
the Soviet Union's Joseph Stalin,
and in August 1939, he announced
that they had finalized a
nonaggression pact.
They had pledged that in the event
of a war, they would not attack
each other. In addition, they had
agreed quietly to split Poland.
"Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact signed." Image.
National Archives. World History: The Modern Era. ABCCLIO, 2011. Web. 3 Dec. 2011.
Blitzkrieg in Europe
“Lightning war”: all-mechanized force concentrating its
attack on a small section of the enemy front then, once the
latter is broken, proceeding without regard to its flank.
On September 1, 1939, Hitler moved ahead with his plans
to conquer Poland.
Britain and France declared war on Germany on
September 3rd.
The Axis Power
September 1940
Created with the signing of the Tripartite Pact, formally joining
Italy, Germany, and Japan in a military alliance
Germany would dominate Northern and Europe and Russia
Italy would dominate the Mediterranean and Africa
Japan would have sway in East Asia and the Pacific
"Blitzkrieg in Europe, 1939–1941 (Visual)." World History: The Modern Era.
ABC-CLIO, 2011. Web. 3 Dec. 2011.
Compare and Contrast the 3 Main
Leaders we discussed today and
their types of government
Stalin – Communism
Mussolini – Fascism
Hitler – Nazi Party