Download Cell Unit - juliegentile

Cell Theory
Characteristics of Life
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Organization
The ability to grow and develop
The ability to respond to the environment
The ability to reproduce
Theory
• A theory is a widely accepted explanation of
things observed in nature.
• Theories are important because they serve
as foundations for further research and
study, and can lead to research that is
beneficial to society.
Cell Theory
1. Every living thing is made of cells.
2. The cell is the basic unit of structure and
function of all living things.
3. Cells come only from other living cells by
cell division.
Cell
Structures
and Functions
2 Types of Cells:
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
• No nucleus
• Organelles
have no
membranes
• Very small
• Has a nucleus
• Organelles
have
membranes
• Much larger
Prokaryote
Eukaryote
Two Types of Prokaryotic Cells
Eubacteria:
Archebacteria:
• Common bacteria
• Smallest Cells
• No nucleus, but do
have DNA
• Similar to bacteria,
but can live in
places no other
organisms can live
(such as high salt
or high heat
environments
Two Types of Eukaryotic Cells
Plant Cells:
Animal Cells:
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Make up plants
Have a cell wall
Have chloroplasts
Makes its own food
Vacuoles are large
Make up animals
No cell wall
No chloroplasts
Cannot make own
food
• Vacuoles are small
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
Cell Organelles
• Organelles are the tiny working
parts of cells.
• All organelles are specialized.
• All cells have organelles which
help to carry out the processes for
life
Animal & Plant Cell Organelles:
• Cell membrane-the outer layer of the
cell; separates the cell from the
outside environment
• Cytoplasm-the jelly-like fluid that
takes up most of the inside of the cell;
all interior organelles are suspended
in the cytoplasm; gives the cell shape
and support
Animal & Plant Cell Organelles:
• Vacuole-small in animal cell; it stores
water and other materials.
• Mitochondria-breaks down food
molecules for energy to sustain the
cell.
• Lysosome-digests food particles,
wastes, and foreign particles.
Animal & Plant Cell Organelles:
• Ribosomes-where proteins are made
in the cell
• Nucleus-largest organelle in the cell;
contains DNA and is the control
center for the cell
• Nuclear Membrane-Contains most of
the animal cell organelles
Plant Cell Organelles
• Vacuole- Is MUCH larger in a plant
cell
• Cell Wall- Is much more rigid than
only having a cell membrane. Makes
cell look square
• Chloroplast- Uses energy from the
sun to make food; makes plants
appear green