Download War of 1812: Phase Two

Essential Question(s)
• How did the second phase of the War of 1812
play out & what were the effects?
War of 1812: Phase Two
Chapter 10 Section 3 (Pt III)
The Second Phase
• Phase two of the War of 1812
began after the British defeated
Napoleon in April 1814
– Britain’s full army & navy were
now free to focus upon the conflict
in the U.S.
– In Aug. 1814, President Madison &
others were forced to flee D.C. as
British forces approached
• Madison’s wife, Dolley, was able to
save several important items from the
White House b/f fleeing
• This was important b/c, upon arrival
in D.C., the British burned the White
House
– This action was meant to intimidate the
Americans, but actually served to
galvanize the American war effort.
Fort McHenry
• After burning the WH, the British marched north
to Baltimore’s Ft. McHenry
– Ft. McHenry served as a gateway to the large NE pop.
centers of Philadelphia, NYC, & Boston
• While negotiating the release of U.S. POW’s, a lawyer named
Francis Scott Key witnessed the battle
• After watching the all-night battle, Key wrote a poem
recounting the events
– “The Star-Spangled Banner” eventually became the American
national anthem
– Along w/ another failed offensive on Lake Champlain, the British
defeat at Ft. McHenry permanently halted their advance
Bombardment
The Battle of New Orleans
• Soon after Ft. McHenry,
the British moved
against the port city of
New Orleans, LA
– Dozens of British ships
ferried 7,500 troops to
NO
– Defending the city were
patchwork U.S. forces
led by Gen. Andrew
Jackson
• Jackson had a
combination of U.S.
army regulars, state
militiamen, Africans,
and Natives
Peace Treaty…Then a Battle?
• The British attacked Jackson on Jan. 8, 1815
– U.S. rifleman, protected by well-built earthworks
destroyed wave after wave of advancing British
– By the end of the Battle of New Orleans, the U.S. had
won a staggering victory
• British casualties = 2,000
• U.S. casualties = 71 (only 13 deaths!!)
– Even more amazing, two weeks prior to the battle,
U.S. and British diplomats had signed the Treaty of
Ghent, which had ended the war
• Word had not reached NO fast enough, which led the battle
to take place even though the war had already officially
ended!
Summary/Test Question
• Which was NOT true about the Battle of New
Orleans?
a. The battle was a great victory for the U.S. forces
b. It convinced the British to sign a peace treaty
with the U.S.
c. The battle made General Andrew Jackson a
national hero
d. The battle was fought a full two weeks after the
war was officially over
Legacy of the War
• The Treaty of Ghent showed that the war had no clear
winner
– No land was gained/lost
– Trade disputed remained unresolved
• Despite these setbacks, some important consequences for
the U.S. did happen
– 1st - A new set of American heroes/leaders emerged
• Andrew Jackson
• Oliver Hazard Perry
• William Henry Harrison
– 2nd - Native strength in the west was crippled
• Native resistance weakened, allowing for increased expansion
– 3rd - Interrupted trade forced the U.S. to make their own goods
• This greatly encouraged the growth of American manufacturing
Summary/Test Question
• Which of the following was NOT a result of the
War of 1812?
a. It greatly increased American patriotism
b. It encouraged widespread British settlement in
the Northwest
c. It weakened Native American resistance,
allowing for easier U.S. expansion
d. It led to increased U.S. manufacturing