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Ancient Greece
Geography of Greece
Geography of Greece

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Mountainous
& islands
Caused
isolation
Didn’t create
large empire
Developed
city-states
(polis) w/
different
styles of
gov’t
Caused wars
Athens
Sparta
Shared
Culture
Women did not go to
school
Democracy
Choose council members
Valued education
Only wealthy boys could
get an education
Women have more rights –
men fighting
Battled Persia
Military training from 7 –
60 years old
Military
training
Valued strength, duty,
discipline
Polis
Military supremacy
Social classes Had slaves (tried to revolt)
Several gov’t branches
Simple lifestyle (bad food)
Greek City-States
Athens & Sparta

499 BCE – 449 BCE:
Fight together in
Greco-Persian War
(Xerxes, “300” –
Thermopylae,
Salamis)

431-404 BCE:
Fight each other in
Peloponnesian War
(Athens loses)
Practiced in Mycenae by
2000 B.C.
State ruled by a king
Rule was hereditary
Rule of the Kings
Some rulers claimed
divine right
700-600 B.C.
hoplite – citizen soldier of
a polis
free citizen; responsible for
purchasing his own armor &
weapon
promoted equality among
soldiers
Hoplite Army
battle tactic: phalanx
700 – 500 B.C.
City-states established
new city-states around
Mediterranean (400+)
relived overpopulation
spread Greek culture
Colonization
created commercial
networks & sources of
new wealth
Powerful individuals
seized control of gov’t
Tyrant – leader who
worked for the interest of
the ordinary people
Rise of Tyrants
(photo to left: Periander,
tyrant of Corinth)
Hoplite power grew
Tyrants were rejected
Democracies developed
(males who participated
in army could take part)
Oligarchies developed
(wealthiest males
controlled government)
Democracy & Oligarchy
(photo to left: Acropolis
in Athens)
Navy important in some
city-states
Ships powered by rowers
Naval power grew & poor
men who served as rowers
demanded same political
rights as hoplites.
Triremes
Democracy expanded to
include all male citizens
Greek Religion
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Polytheistic
Gods:
◦ Zeus – ruler of the gods
◦ Hera – Zeus’ wife
◦ Athena – Zeus’ daughter,
goddess of wisdom
Lived on Mount Olympus
Mythology – stories about
gods told to explain the
natural world or the
customs/beliefs of a society
◦ Medusa
◦ Heracles
Greek Philosophers: Socrates

Philosopher – thinker
who uses logic & wisdom

Question everything

Socratic method: like a
teacher-student
discussion, led by
questioning

Accused & tried for
corrupting Athens’ youth
Greek Philosophers: Plato

Student of Socrates

Wrote down conversations
of Socrates

Wrote The Republic
Correct form of gov’t:
◦ Rule by philosophers
Greek Philosophers: Aristotle

Pupil of Plato

Used a method for
arguing based on
logic – basis for our
scientific method

Teacher to Alexander
the Great
Alexander the Great

From Macedonia
(city-state in N. Greece)

356 – 323 BCE
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Conquers all of Greece,
Persia, & invades India
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Hellenistic Culture –
blend of Greek, Persian,
Indian, and Egyptian
customs & beliefs