Download Unit 1 Lesson 5 - Peoria Public Schools

Big Idea: The types and characteristics of
organisms change over time
Unit 1 Lesson 5 Classification of Living Things
Essential Question: How are organisms classified?
Unit 1 Lesson 5 Classification of Living Things
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Sorting
Things Out!
• Scientists classify living things based on
Why do we classify living things?
characteristics that living things share.
• Classification helps scientists answer questions
about organisms such as: *how many kinds there
are, their *characteristics, and their *relationships.
Unit 1 Lesson 5 Classification of Living Things
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How do scientists know living things are related?
• Physical
characteristics, can
indicate whether
organisms are similar or
related.
Scientists study
• Skeletal Structure
• How organisms develop
from an egg to an adult
• Chemical characteristics
can indicate whether
organisms are similar or
related.
Scientists study
• genetic material such as DNA
and RNA
• Mutations
• genetic similarities
• Proteins
• Hormones
Unit 1 Lesson 5 Classification of Living Things
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How do scientists
know living things
are related?
DNA indicates
characteristics that may not
be visible to scientists – its
more objective.
They may look similar but
DNA shows the differences
What is a felis?
• Felis catus
Domestic house
cat
• Felis onca
Jaguar
• Felis
concolor
Cougar, puma,
mountain lion
What does felis mean?
What are similarities among all three
animals?
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What’s in a Name?
How are living things named?
• Carolus Linnaeus simplified the naming of living
things with a two-part scientific name.
• A species is a group of organisms that are
very closely related.
• Members of the same species can mate
and produce fertile offspring.
• A genus includes similar species. A group of
species that has similar characteristics
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• A scientific name always includes the genus name
followed by the specific name.
• The first letter is capitalized.
• The species name is lowercase.
• All organisms have a unique two-part scientific name
that is italicized or underlined.
Unit 1 Lesson 5 Classification of Living Things
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What are the levels of classification?
• Taxonomy is the science of describing, classifying,
and naming living things.
• Scientists use an eight-level system to classify living
things.
• Each level is more specific than the one above it, and
it contains fewer kinds of living things.
• From most general to more specific, the levels of
classification are Domain, Kingdom, Phylum (plural,
phyla), Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species.
Unit 1 Lesson 5 Classification of Living Things
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What are the levels of classification?
Unit 1 Lesson 5 Classification of Living Things
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What are the levels of classification?
Unit 1 Lesson 5 Classification of Living Things
Triple Play
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What are the three domains?
• Scientists once used a sixkingdom classification system,
but later added the domain.
• A domain represents the
largest differences among
organisms in classification.
• The three domains are
Bacteria, Archaea, and
Eukarya.
Unit 1 Lesson 5 Classification of Living Things
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What are the three domains?
• Domain Bacteria is made up of single celled
prokaryotes (no nucleus) that usually have a cell wall
and reproduce by cell division.
• All bacteria belong to this domain.
• Bacteria live in almost any environment: soil, water, and
even inside the human body.
Unit 1 Lesson 5 Classification of Living Things
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What are the three domains?
• Domain Archaea is made up of single cell prokaryotes
that differ from bacteria in their genetics and in the
makeup of their cell walls.
• Archaea live in harsh environments, such as hot springs
and thermal vents, where other organisms could not
survive.
• Some archaea are found in the open ocean and in soil.
Archaea were first found in extreme
environments, such as volcanic hot springs.
Pictured here is Grand Prismatic Spring of
Yellowstone National Park.
The ARMAN are a new group of archaea
recently discovered in acid mine drainage.
Unit 1 Lesson 5 Classification of Living Things
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What are the three domains?
• Domain Eukarya is made up of all eukaryotes.
• Eukaryotes have cells with a nucleus and membranebound organelles.
• Some eukaryotes, such as protists and some fungi, are
single-celled. Other protists—as well as fungi, plants, and
animals—are multicellular.
Unit 1 Lesson 5 Classification of Living Things
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What are the three domains?
Bacteria are single cell, have cell walls, reproduce by cell division –
do not have a nucleus
Eukarya – single or multicellular, contain a nucleus, larger and more
complex cells
Unit 1 Lesson 5 Classification of Living Things
My Kingdom for a Eukaryote!
What are the four kingdoms in Eukarya?
• Scientists have classified four
types of Eukarya.
• Scientists do this by deciding if:
• Is an organism is unicellular
or multicellular?
• How does it gain energy or
get nutrients?
• how does it reproduce?
Unit 1 Lesson 5 Classification of Living Things
What are the four kingdoms in Eukarya?
• Members of the kingdom
Protista, called protists, are
single-celled or simple
multicellular organisms such as
algae, protozoans, and slime
molds.
• Protists are very diverse, with
plant-like, animal-like, or funguslike characteristics.
• Some protists reproduce sexually,
while others reproduce asexually.
• Some protists, autotrophs, make
their own food. Other protists,
heterotrophs, eat other organisms
for food.
Unit 1 Lesson 5 Classification of Living Things
What are the four kingdoms in Eukarya?
• Members of the kingdom Fungi are single-celled
or multicellular organisms such as yeasts, molds,
and mushrooms.
• Fungi get energy by absorbing materials
(heterotrophs), and have cells with cell walls but
no chloroplasts.
• Fungi use digestive juices to break down materials
for food.
• They reproduce asexually or sexually, depending
on their type.
Unit 1 Lesson 5 Classification of Living Things
What are the four kingdoms in Eukarya?
• Kingdom Plantae consists of multicellular
organisms that have cell walls, mostly made of
cellulose.
• Plants make food through photosynthesis
(autotrophs). They are found on land and in water
that light can pass through, and cannot move by
themselves.
• Some plants reproduce sexually, when pollen from
one plant fertilizes another. Some plants
reproduce asexually, when buds grow into plants.
Unit 1 Lesson 5 Classification of Living Things
What are the four kingdoms in Eukarya?
• Kingdom Animalia contains multicellular
organisms—such as birds, fish, reptiles, insects,
amphibians, and mammals—that lack cell walls.
• Animals are typically able to move around and
have specialized sense organs. They get nutrients
by eating other organisms (heterotrophs).
• Most animals reproduce sexually, but a few types
of animals reproduce asexually, such as by
budding.
Unit 1 Lesson 5 Classification of Living Things
How do classification systems
change over time?
• Millions of organisms are not named.
• New organisms do not always fit into the existing
classification system.
• Classification continues to change as
scientists learn more about living
things.
Predict #17
Protists my need to be
classified into several
kingdoms instead of just
one
Unit 1 Lesson 5 Classification of Living Things
How do branching diagrams show classification
relationships?
• Scientists often use a
type of branching
diagram called a
cladogram, which
shows relationships
among species.
• Organisms are grouped
according to common
characteristics listed on
a line.
• Branches of organisms
extend from this line.
Unit 1 Lesson 5 Classification of Living Things
How do branching diagrams show classification
relationships?
• Organisms on branches above a particular
characteristic have the characteristic.
• Organisms on branches below the characteristic
do not.
All of the plants
to the RIGHT of
the line marked
“seeds” produce
seeds. This
means flowering
plants and
conifers produce
seeds
Unit 1 Lesson 5 Classification of Living Things
Keys to Success
How can organisms be identified?
• A dichotomous key uses a series of paired statements to
identify organisms.
• Each pair of statements is numbered.
• Either you choose the statement that best describes the
organism, or you are directed to a new pair of
statements. This process happens until you can identify
the organism.
Unit 1 Lesson 5 Classification of Living Things
Beaver
Long-tailed weasel
Unit 1 Lesson 5 Classification of Living Things
Norno beverlus
Norno kentuckyus
Norno dakotus
Norno dallus
Norno californius
Norno yorkio
Norno rajus
Norno walawala
Identify
unknown
organisms
Shows
relationships
between
species
7) Amniotic egg
8) Eggs with shells & Hair
9) Crocodiles
10)Eggs with shells, amniotic egg, four limbs,
bony skeleton, vertebrate
11) Crocodile
12) Sharks