Download U.S. History

U.S. History
Fall Review Slideshow
How did urbanization and
industrialization affect Americans’
lives?(Gilded Age1877-1900)
• Company owners got cheap labor
• overcrowding->bad living conditions, poor
sewage
• Tenements
• Exploitation of workers because no regulation
and lots of available labor
• Workers had very little power
• Rural to urban lifestyle
Effects of Gilded Age Industrialization
•
•
•
•
•
More production of goods
Steel and materials to build things
Consumer goods (mail order catalogs)
Department stores
Diversity in culture
– Ethnic enclaves
Why was the “Gilded Age”, “gilded”?
• Looked good on the outside
• Negative
– Corruption-machine politics
– Monopolies (losers: working class, consumers,
small business owners)
– Big companies and owners influencing the
government
– Pollution
– Lack of standards
How did progressives use government
to bring about reform?
• Gov’t policies
• Amendments: prohibition, women’s right to vote,
direct election of senators, income tax
• Laws and Regulations
–
–
–
–
Business-workers’ rights
Taxes on wealthy
Building codes and standards
FDA: Meat inspection act; labels on food
• Unions backed by the gov’t
What were causes of the U.S.
becoming a world power?
• Industrialization makes U.S. look abroad for materials and
labor and market
• Annexation of Hawaii (imperialism) for trade
• Spain/Europe losing colonies
– U.S. steps in to promote democracy, freedom, independence
• Cuba, Philippines
–
–
–
–
McKinley, T. Roosevelt, Taft, Wilson
Big stick: use military to pressure countries
Dollar Diplomacy: U.S businesses at risk?; trade
Moral Diplomacy
• WWI –U.S. sold weapons, US as peacemaker (Treaty of V.)
Why was U.S. slow to get involved in
WWI?
• No direct threat to America
• Neutrality and still benefit by loaning money
and selling weapons
• Immigrants in America from both sides of the
war
What factors play(ed) a role in U.S.
international involvement?
Impacts of U.S. as world power
• Countries look to U.S. for help
• Obligation to be global policeman
• Vulnerable (trade)—WWI; realize impact
when raise tariffs
Impact of WWI on 1920s?
– No/minimal repayment for loans
– Conservative mood—return to time before the
war
– Limit immigrants-quota acts-nativism
– Return to laissez-faire economics
How did the conferences at the end of
WWII create the foundations of the
Cold War?
• Dropping the bomb—arms race w/USSR
– Fast end, save American lives
– Japanese unwilling to unconditionally surrender
– Japanese suicide missions
– Match ruthless with ruthlessness
• Stalin got a buffer zone
• Potsdam—Stalin must have had spies in U.S.—
knew about the bomb
Cuban Missile Crisis
• Kennedy’s factors of decision-making
– Nukes in Cuba—close proximity-direct threat
– Young, inexperienced: wanted to prove himself
– Strong military( options of invasion, aerial
bombing)
– Not appear too soft on Communism
– His party’s election
– Limited time
– Concern that the press would create panic
Success in Cuban Missile Crisis
• Blockade
• Diplomacy (remove missiles from Turkey)
Why did the role of the federal
government expand so drastically
during the 1930s?
• The Great Depression
– New Deal addressed econ. Problems
•
•
•
•
•
•
Unemployment (CCC)
Run on banks (FDIC)
Corrupt or risky investing (SEC)
Farm prices in decline/overproduction (AAA)
Elderly (Social Security)
Impoverished rural Americans (TVA)
What were the effects of the New
Deal?
•
•
•
•
•
•
Confidence in Economy & Gov’t
Jobs
$$$ for buying things
Companies hire workers
High Taxes for the wealthy
Americans have a shift in mindset---look to
gov’t for solutions
What was the Great Society?
• LB Johnson’s plan to eliminate poverty & racial
injustice
• (1960s—1963-1969)
• Education funding
• Laws/Acts: Stopped immigration quotas
» Banned literacy tests for voting
» Civil Rights banned discrimination
• Healthcare: Medicare & Medicaid
• Housing—Fair-non discriminatory; affordable
mortgages
How did the Great Society fulfill
unaddressed Progressive Ideals?