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Unit 1 Seeds of Change Ch. 6 Sections 1 and 2: Ideas About Government Scientific Revolution Enlightenment Ideas Supplement: Geography/Maps QoD - What is the Purpose of Government? DEFINITION “The political direction and control exercised over the members of society” Government is necessary for the existence of a civilized society Ancient Greeks: “To improve the lives of the citizens” European Government Through the 1700’s Monarchies most powerful ◦ (Autocratic Rule) Great divide between the “haves” and “have-nots” Very little chance for people to change this What does science have to do with this change? Scientific Revolution A new way of looking at the natural world, based on observation and a willingness to QUESTION accepted beliefs THE CHURCH ◦ Loses a lot of power ◦ WHY??? Explain…Belief vs Fact Scientific Method Geocentric A new, logical approach to collecting and analyzing data ◦ BELIEF vs FACT 2 1. 2. 3. 4. Heliocentric Question Hypothesis Test Analysis Heliocentric vs Geocentric Theories of the Universe As a result of the Scientific Revolution, People begin to question….. EVERYTHING! Even Their Governments!! “Is it logical that a king…” QoD - WOULD YOU RATHER… Have your civil rights and freedoms OR Have Security and Protection? Can your government EFFECTIVELY provide both? “Those that desire to give up freedom in order to gain security will not have, nor do they deserve, either one.” Benjamin Franklin The Age of Reason or The Enlightenment Late 1600’s thru the mid 1800’s Philosophers apply logic, reason and scientific approach to all other areas of life “Enlightened Thinkers” ◦ The Philosophes Enlightened Despots ◦ Enlightenment Ideas Liberty, equality, logic, reason, etc… There is Revolution on people’s minds ◦ A CHANGE is gonna come No monarchy is safe Thomas Hobbes Leviathan People are born evil and selfish, so….People need a strong gov’t ◦ Like a Monarchy ◦ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v= IyhJ69mD7xI Social Contract THEORY ◦ People give up rights for protection by the government Because people had no say in their government, they could do nothing if the monarch were abusive. “The condition of man... is a condition of war of everyone against everyone.” John Locke Two Treatises on Gov’t People are good and born w/Three Natural Rights ◦ Life, Liberty, Property ◦ https://www.youtube.com/watc h?v=luZGmaEhxAs Government should protect these rights ◦ Democracy IF NOT, the people may overthrow the gov’t (REVOLT) “All mankind... being all equal and independent, no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty or possessions.” When it comes to the nature of mankind, based on your own experiences, do you agree more with Hobbes or Locke? QoD Prompt: Do you believe the Social Contract has been broken by either the U.S. government or by the American people? ◦ YES or NO…pick a side Requirements Minimum Four paragraphs Use evidence from current events to support your response Your opinion, with minimum 3 pieces of supporting evidence CITE the sources in your response ◦ People, quotes, stats, etc In Class Writing One note card to use Enlightenment Ideas Liberty Equality Natural Rights Logic and reason There is Revolution on people’s minds ◦ A CHANGE is gonna come No monarchy is safe Differing Views of Government: The “Philosophes” Political thinkers who developed their own ideas about the purpose of government Aristotle Nicolo Machiavelli Thomas Hobbes John Locke Voltaire Baron Montesquieu Jean-Jacques Rousseau Mary Wollstonecraft Adam Smith Karl Marx If you were a “Prince”, would you rather be feared or loved? ◦ Consider Your president Your boss Your teacher Your coach Your parents “The Prince” and Machiavelli Aristotle Politics ◦ Politics is an organism, NOT a machine Gives people the opportunity for a good life Community is most important Man is governed by Natural Laws ◦ Ethics and morality “Man is by nature a political animal, it is his nature to live in a state” Niccolo Machiavelli The Prince About leaders (“Princes”) he saw in his travels A “guidebook” for rulers ◦ They S/B Shrewd, Manipulative & Selfish Princes are NOT concerned with what is morally right, but in maintaining their own power “The ends justify the means” Rene Descartes Discourse on the Method Based his ideas on Science People must change their old ideas Doubt everything until proven “I think, therefore I am” Baron Montesquieu On the Spirit of Laws Checks and balances Separation of powers “Power should be a check to power” Voltaire Candide ◦ A Realistic portrayal of the life of the people Attacked the Catholic Church Freedom of: ◦ Religion ◦ Expression Separation of Church and State “I do not agree with what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it” Jean-Jacques Rousseau The Social Contract Agreed w/ Locke, only our environment (gov’t) restricts us People should govern themselves, but most forms of governments prohibit it “Man is born free and everywhere he is in chains” Adam Smith The Wealth of Nations - 1776 Free-market Capitalism An “invisible hand” would guide the economy Laissez-faire – government should be hands-off of the economy James Madison Bill of Rights U.S. Constitution Father of the Constitution Representative government Designed the Federal System “Liberty may be endangered by the abuse of liberty, but also by the abuse of power” Mary Wollstonecraft A Vindication of the Rights of Woman Equal rights for women – better education needed A society based on reason and logic “Strengthen the female mind by enlarging it, and there will be an end to blind obedience.” Side note: ◦ Daughter is Mary Shelley (Frankenstein) Karl Marx The Communist Manifesto 1848 Predicted that the workers would someday REVOLT against the wealthy Capitalism would destroy itself Explain the relationship between the scientific revolution and people’s new desire for change in their governments. Explain the idea of the Social Contract and give two examples of when it was broken, one from history and one from the contemporary world. Explain the political philosophy and rationale of the Philosophe you and your group presented in class. Where would you find this person’s ideas in today’s world? What specific issues did the authors of the English Bill of Rights address? What did they hope to achieve with this document? If you were a “Prince” would you rather be Feared or Loved by your people? Explain your answer. How does your answer match up to Machiavelli’s ideas about leadership? Analyze the following quote by Benjamin Franklin and explain how it relates to the Enlightenment Ideas; which Ideas does this quote specifically address? “Those that desire to give up freedom in order to gain security will not have, nor do they deserve, either one.” Unit 1 Writing Assessment Choose three of the following prompts and answer in a minimum of two paragraphs each. Use specific information from class to support your responses QoD How does WHERE you live affect HOW you live? 35 31 36 34 32 39 33 38 Unit 1 Map Test 31-40 40 37 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. France Poland Vietnam Cuba Pakistan Israel Congo North Korea Colombia Afghanistan 11. Kigali 12. Berlin 13. Washington DC 14. Hiroshima 15. Cape of Good Hope 16. Suez Canal 17. Amazon River 18. Deng’s Four Modernizations 19. The Boer Wars 20. The Salt March XTRA CREDIT (2 parts) Map Quiz CB South AND THE YEAR IT OPENED ITS DOORS TO STUDENTS QoD - What is the Purpose of Government? Preamble to the U.S. Constitution “We the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.” In your words – 5 purposes of government that are discussed in the Preamble The Philosophes Analysis and Poster Quick bio – Born, Died, Education, etc Famous work of literature Philosophy about Life/People Beliefs about Government A Quote that summarizes his/her ideas Ideas today ◦ U.S. Constitution? Declaration of Independence? ◦ U.S. Society/Beliefs? ◦ Other countries? An Essential Question that creates discussion The Social Contract Thomas Hobbes People are selfish and greedy People give up their rights and freedoms to the gov’t In return they get protection and security(Monarchy/Dictator) John Locke People are good and can govern themselves What if…the contract is broken? ◦ REVOLUTION!! John Locke Thomas Hobbes Absolute Monarchy (autocratic rule) Democracy People are born with rights that they relinquish to the government in return for protection. This is known as social contract. All people are born with certain inalienable rights. They are life, liberty, and the right to own property. Believed that people were wicked, selfish, and cruel and would act on behalf of their best interests. “Every man for every man”. Believed that people were by nature good and that they could learn from their experiences. Yes, people could be trusted to govern themselves. Locke believed that if provided with the right information would make good decisions. No, people could NOT be trusted to govern themselves and an absolute monarch would demand obedience in to maintain order. The purpose of the government was to keep law and order. The purpose of the government is to protect individual liberties and rights. Because people had no say in their government, they could do nothing if the monarch were abusive. The people had the right to revolt against an abusive government. The Social Contract