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Unit 1
Seeds of Change
Ch. 6 Sections 1 and 2:
Ideas About Government
Scientific Revolution
Enlightenment Ideas
Supplement:
Geography/Maps
QoD - What is the
Purpose of
Government?
DEFINITION
“The political direction and
control exercised over the
members of society”
Government is necessary
for the existence of a
civilized society
Ancient Greeks:
“To improve the lives of
the citizens”
European Government
Through the 1700’s

Monarchies most powerful
◦ (Autocratic Rule)

Great divide between the
“haves” and “have-nots”

Very little chance for
people to change this

What does science have
to do with this change?
Scientific
Revolution

A new way of looking at
the natural world,
based on observation
and a willingness to
QUESTION accepted
beliefs

THE
CHURCH
◦ Loses a lot of power
◦ WHY???
 Explain…Belief vs Fact
Scientific Method

Geocentric
A new, logical
approach to
collecting and
analyzing data
◦ BELIEF vs FACT 2
1.
2.
3.
4.

Heliocentric
Question
Hypothesis
Test
Analysis
Heliocentric vs
Geocentric
Theories of the
Universe
As a result of the Scientific
Revolution,
People begin to question…..
EVERYTHING!
Even Their Governments!!
“Is it logical that a king…”
QoD - WOULD YOU RATHER…
Have your civil rights and freedoms
OR
Have Security and Protection?
Can your government EFFECTIVELY
provide both?
“Those that desire to give up freedom in order
to gain security will not have, nor do they
deserve, either one.”
Benjamin Franklin
The Age of Reason or
The Enlightenment
Late 1600’s thru
the mid 1800’s

Philosophers apply logic,
reason and scientific approach
to all other areas of life

“Enlightened Thinkers”
◦ The Philosophes
 Enlightened Despots
◦ Enlightenment Ideas
 Liberty, equality, logic,
reason, etc…

There is Revolution on
people’s minds
◦ A CHANGE is gonna come

No monarchy is safe
Thomas Hobbes

Leviathan

People are born evil and selfish,
so….People need a strong gov’t
◦ Like a Monarchy
◦ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
IyhJ69mD7xI

Social Contract THEORY
◦ People give up rights for protection by
the government

Because people had no say in their
government, they could do nothing
if the monarch were abusive.

“The condition of man... is a
condition of war of everyone
against everyone.”
John Locke


Two Treatises on Gov’t
People are good and born
w/Three Natural Rights
◦ Life, Liberty, Property
◦ https://www.youtube.com/watc
h?v=luZGmaEhxAs

Government should protect
these rights
◦ Democracy

IF NOT, the people may
overthrow the gov’t (REVOLT)

“All mankind... being all equal
and independent, no one
ought to harm another in his
life, health, liberty or
possessions.”

When it comes to the nature of mankind,
based on your own experiences, do you
agree more with Hobbes or Locke?
QoD


Prompt:
Do you believe the
Social Contract has
been broken by
either the U.S.
government or by
the American
people?
◦ YES or NO…pick a
side
Requirements

Minimum Four paragraphs

Use evidence from current
events to support your
response

Your opinion, with minimum 3
pieces of supporting
evidence

CITE the sources in your
response
◦ People, quotes, stats, etc
In Class Writing
One note card to use
Enlightenment Ideas




Liberty
Equality
Natural Rights
Logic and reason

There is Revolution
on people’s minds
◦ A CHANGE is gonna come

No monarchy is safe
Differing Views of Government:
The “Philosophes”
Political thinkers who developed their
own ideas about the purpose of government

Aristotle

Nicolo Machiavelli

Thomas Hobbes

John Locke

Voltaire

Baron Montesquieu

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Mary Wollstonecraft

Adam Smith

Karl Marx
If you were a
“Prince”, would
you rather be
feared or loved?
◦ Consider
 Your president
 Your boss
 Your teacher
 Your coach
 Your parents
“The Prince”
and Machiavelli
Aristotle

Politics
◦ Politics is an organism,
NOT a machine
Gives people the
opportunity for a good
life
 Community is most
important


Man is governed by
Natural Laws
◦ Ethics and morality

“Man is by nature a
political animal, it is his
nature to live in a state”
Niccolo Machiavelli

The Prince

About leaders (“Princes”)
he saw in his travels

A “guidebook” for rulers
◦ They S/B Shrewd,
Manipulative & Selfish

Princes are NOT concerned
with what is morally right,
but in maintaining their
own power
“The ends justify the means”
Rene Descartes
Discourse on the Method


Based his ideas on
Science
People must change their
old ideas

Doubt everything until
proven

“I think, therefore I am”
Baron
Montesquieu

On the Spirit of
Laws

Checks and balances

Separation of powers

“Power should be a
check to power”
Voltaire

Candide
◦ A Realistic portrayal of the life of
the people
Attacked the Catholic Church
 Freedom of:
◦ Religion
◦ Expression



Separation of Church
and State
“I do not agree with what you
say, but I will defend to the
death your right to say it”
Jean-Jacques
Rousseau

The Social Contract

Agreed w/ Locke, only
our environment (gov’t)
restricts us

People should govern
themselves, but most
forms of governments
prohibit it

“Man is born free and
everywhere he is in
chains”
Adam Smith


The Wealth of
Nations - 1776
Free-market Capitalism

An “invisible hand”
would guide the
economy

Laissez-faire –
government should be
hands-off of the
economy
James Madison
Bill of Rights
 U.S. Constitution


Father of the Constitution

Representative
government

Designed the Federal
System

“Liberty may be
endangered by the abuse
of liberty, but also by the
abuse of power”
Mary
Wollstonecraft

A Vindication of the
Rights of Woman

Equal rights for women –
better education needed

A society based on reason
and logic

“Strengthen the female
mind by enlarging it, and
there will be an end to
blind obedience.”

Side note:
◦ Daughter is Mary Shelley
(Frankenstein)
Karl Marx

The Communist
Manifesto 1848

Predicted that the
workers would
someday REVOLT
against the wealthy

Capitalism would
destroy itself

Explain the relationship between the
scientific revolution and people’s new
desire for change in their
governments.

Explain the idea of the Social
Contract and give two examples of
when it was broken, one from
history and one from the
contemporary world.

Explain the political philosophy and
rationale of the Philosophe you and
your group presented in class.
Where would you find this person’s
ideas in today’s world?

What specific issues did the
authors of the English Bill of
Rights address? What did they
hope to achieve with this
document?

If you were a “Prince” would you
rather be Feared or Loved by
your people? Explain your
answer. How does your answer
match up to Machiavelli’s ideas
about leadership?

Analyze the following quote by
Benjamin Franklin and explain
how it relates to the
Enlightenment Ideas; which
Ideas does this quote specifically
address?
“Those that desire to give up freedom in
order to gain security will not have, nor
do they deserve, either one.”
Unit 1 Writing Assessment
Choose three of the following prompts and answer in a minimum
of two paragraphs each. Use specific information from class to
support your responses
QoD How does WHERE you live
affect HOW you live?
35
31
36
34
32
39
33
38
Unit 1 Map Test 31-40
40
37
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
France
Poland
Vietnam
Cuba
Pakistan
Israel
Congo
North Korea
Colombia
Afghanistan
11. Kigali
12. Berlin
13. Washington DC
14. Hiroshima
15. Cape of Good Hope
16. Suez Canal
17. Amazon River
18. Deng’s Four
Modernizations
19. The Boer Wars
20. The Salt March
XTRA CREDIT (2 parts)
Map
Quiz
CB South AND THE YEAR IT
OPENED ITS DOORS TO
STUDENTS
QoD - What is the Purpose of Government?
Preamble to the U.S. Constitution
“We the people of the United States, in order
to form a more perfect union, establish
justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide
for the common defense, promote the
general welfare, and secure the blessings of
liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do
ordain and establish this Constitution for the
United States of America.”
In your words – 5 purposes of government
that are discussed in the Preamble
The Philosophes Analysis and Poster

Quick bio – Born,
Died, Education, etc

Famous work of
literature

Philosophy about
Life/People

Beliefs about
Government

A Quote that
summarizes his/her
ideas

Ideas today
◦ U.S. Constitution?
Declaration of
Independence?
◦ U.S. Society/Beliefs?
◦ Other countries?

An Essential Question that
creates discussion
The Social
Contract
Thomas Hobbes



People are selfish and
greedy
People give up their rights
and freedoms to the gov’t
In return they get
protection and
security(Monarchy/Dictator)
John Locke


People are good and can
govern themselves
What if…the contract is
broken?
◦ REVOLUTION!!
John Locke
Thomas Hobbes

Absolute Monarchy (autocratic rule)

Democracy

People are born with rights that
they relinquish to the government
in return for protection. This is
known as social contract.

All people are born with certain
inalienable rights. They are life,
liberty, and the right to own
property.

Believed that people were wicked,
selfish, and cruel and would act on
behalf of their best interests.
“Every man for every man”.

Believed that people were by
nature good and that they could
learn from their experiences.

Yes, people could be trusted to
govern themselves. Locke believed
that if provided with the right
information would make good
decisions.

No, people could NOT be trusted to
govern themselves and an
absolute monarch would demand
obedience in to maintain order.

The purpose of the government
was to keep law and order.

The purpose of the government is
to protect individual liberties and
rights.

Because people had no say in their
government, they could do nothing
if the monarch were abusive.

The people had the right to revolt
against an abusive government.
The Social
Contract