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Pearl Harbor and Pacific Campaigns Let’s Review! Germany started the war by invading Poland. France fell leaving Britain as the only ally until Germany invades the Soviet Union Why was Japan spreading its empire? What did they need? Where did they take over? Japan Seeks a Pacific Empire The U.S. was aware of Japan’s plans for S.E. Asia They were in desperate need of oil – WHY?????? Admiral Yamamoto regarded the U.S. fleet at Pearl Harbor as a “dagger pointed at our throat” Pearl Harbor “a date that will live in infamy” – FDR December 7, 1941 – Japan attacked the naval base and took the entire nation by surprise 18 ships sunk/damaged – including 8 battleships! Demolished the U.S. Pacific fleet ≈ 2,400 Americans killed >1,000 Americans wounded Japanese Internment Wave of prejudice against 127,000 Japanese-Americans following Pearl Harbor Fear encouraged by government – viewed as the “enemy” February 19, 1942 – internment camps March – rounding up Japanese-Americans and relocated them 2/3 of those interned were native-born American citizens 1941-1946 ≈ 31,000 were imprisoned Tide of Japanese Victories Next, the Japanese focused on expanding their empire Acquired Hong Kong, Dutch East Indies, Burma Bataan Death March – Japanese subjected prisoners to terrible cruelties American solider witnessed six Scouts buried alive The Allies Strike Back U.S. quickly declared war on Japan Began campaigns in the Pacific May 1942 - Battle of the Coral Sea – new kind of naval warfare No shots fired Airplanes that took off from huge aircraft carriers did all the fighting Japan claimed victory since the Allies lost more ships Significance – Allies stopped Japanese expansion for the first time Pacific Campaigns Battle of Midway – June 1942 After intercepting a code, U.S. able to plan a strategy to attack the Japanese Japanese fleet = largest naval force assembled Americans outnumbered 4:1 in ships/planes Allowed Japanese to strike first then Americans attacked Japanese ships ○ 332 planes destroyed as well as 4 aircraft carriers Significance – turning point Pacific Campaigns Douglas MacArthur General - commander of the Allied land forces in the Pacific “island-hop” – seize lands closer to Japan that were not well defended Battle of Guadalcanal – August 1943 ○ American victory Pacific Campaigns (End of War) Okinawa (April-July 1945) Iwo Jima (FebruaryMarch 1945) Bloodiest land battles Japanese – 110,000 killed Americans – 12,500 killed Significance – impact Truman’s decision to drop bombs on Hiroshima & Nagasaki