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Early History of Europe Vocabulary Fill in the blanks on your Vocab Handout Classical Europe: Word and Definition Word and Definition • Consul – individual elected by the people of Rome to be their leaders • Polis – Greek term for “city-state” • Senate – supreme council of ancient Rome with an assembly of landowners who served for life • Democracy – direct rule of the people • Classical – relating to the Ancient Greek or Roman world • Republic – government in which people choose their leaders • Philosophy – Greek term meaning “Love of Wisdom” • Emperor – an absolute ruler of Rome Fill in the blanks on your Vocab Handout Medieval Europe: Word and Definition Word and Definition • Apprentice – a young worker who spent years learning a trade • Manor – feudal estate and basic economic unit • Vassal – noble in medieval society who swore loyalty to a lord in return for land • Charter – written agreement guaranteeing privileges and freedoms • Guild – worker’s organization during the Middle Ages • Pope – the leader of the Catholic Church • Convent – a place where nuns live, pray, and study Fill in the blanks on your Vocab Handout Medieval Europe Cont’d: Word and Definition Word and Definition • Missionaries – teacher of Christianity • Feudalism – medieval political and social system • Serf – a peasant laborer; a person who worked on the manor as ordered by the lords in return for the use of land, supplies, and protection • Bishop – an official of the Catholic Church who headed a major Christian community • Monasteries – a place where monks live, pray, and study • Common Law – unwritten set of laws based on local customs • Tenants – farmer or other who pays rent to another for the use of land or property Fill in the blanks on your Vocab Handout Beginning of Modern Times: Word and Definition • Columbian Exchange – process in which people, diseases, ideas, and trade were distributed around the world from the Americas • Revolution – great and often violent change • Indulgences – pardons for sins, given or sold by the Catholic Church • Parliament – supreme legislative body in the United Kingdom and other countries Word and Definition • Divine Right of Kings – belief that royalty ruled by the will of God • Reform – to improve by changing • Constitution – formal agreement that establishes the basis for a country’s laws • Protestant – person who “protested” Catholic practices