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The Middle Colonies
Peter Stuyvesant
Alexander Hamilton noted many differences
between Philadelphia and the colony of Maryland
in his travels.
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The biggest change was in the variety of people living in one
place. By the mid-1700’s, England had four colonies in the
region of New England.
Why were they called the Middle Colonies - Because of
their location between New England and the Southern
Colonies.
New Netherland
• The Dutch set up a colony of New Netherlands along the
Hudson River. The colonists traveled with the Indians and
built the settlement of New Amsterdam. Settlers mainly traded
in furs.
• To encourage farming, Dutch officials granted huge estates
to a few rich families. Owners of these huge lands or
manors were called patroons. In return for the grant, each
patroon promised to settle 50 European families on the land.
Problems in New Netherland
• Farmers did not want to work for patroons, charging whatever
they wanted for rent.
• In 1664, England and the Netherlands fought in a war over
trade in Europe and in August English warships entered New
Amsterdam’s harbor.
The governor of New
Netherland, Peter Stuyvesant,
swore to defend his colony.
Pete’s Problems
• Peter Stuyvesant had few weapons
• Was unpopular with citizens
• Colonists refused to help
Peter Stuyvesant surrendered to England without firing a shot
King Charles II gave New Netherland to his brother, the Duke
of York who renamed the colony -- New York.
Colonists Begging Stuyvesant to Surrender to the British
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New York City Today
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Founding New Jersey
• New York was too big for the Duke of York to
govern so he decided to give some of the land to his
friends Lord Berkeley and Sir George Carteret. who
set up a proprietary colony in 1664.
A Proprietary colony is when the King gives land
to one or more people in return for yearly
payments.
New Jersey
• The proprietors were free to divide up their land to others.
They were also free to make up the laws.
• Many people were attracted to New Jersey because of the
fertile farmland and wealth of natural resources.
• In 1702, New Jersey became a royal colony under control of
the English crown.
Royal Colony - a colony under the
direct control of the English crown.
Religious freedom and rights of assembly
were protected by colony’s charter.
Pennsylvania is Founded
• William Penn, an Englishman, founded the
colony of Pennsylvania. In England at the age
of 22 he joined a despised group that believed
that all people were equal in God’s sight.
called the Quakers.
• Quakers were arrested, fined, or even hanged
for their ideas.
• Penn believed the Quakers must leave
England. He turned to the king for help.
A Quaker waits for
the inspiration of
the
Holy Spirit
The king issued a royal charter
• The King Charles issued a royal charter naming Penn
proprietor of a new colony, later called Pennsylvania.
• Penn wanted equal treatment for all people and religions.
People went to Pennsylvania to escape religious persecution.
Delaware - Originally included in
Pennsylvania
• Known as Pennsylvania’s Lower Counties
• Settlers in the lower countries did not want to send
delegates to a far away assembly in Philadelphia.
• In 1701 William Penn allowed the people in the lower
countries to elect their own assembly. Later the lower
countries broke away to form the colony of Delaware.
Geography and History
A Land of Plenty
• Farmers found better growing conditions in the Middle
Colonies than in England. The land of the Hudson and
Delaware was great for planting crops.
• Farmers produced surpluses of wheat, barley, and rye. These
were cash crops - crops that were sold for money in the
world market.
Geography and History
A Land of Plenty
• The Middle colonies exported so much grain that they were
called the Breadbasket Colonies
• Farmers in the middle colonies also raised cattle and pigs.
They sent tons of beef, pork, and butter to ports in New York.
• In time Pennsylvania became the center of manufacturing
and crafts. They made hardware, clocks, watches locks, glass,
stoneware, nails and paper.
Everyone had jobs; households were
self-sufficient - everything needed for
survival made at home
Town and Country
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The different groups that settled in the Middle Colonies had
their own favorite way of building homes.
– Swedish settlers built log cabins.
– The Dutch used red bricks to build their homes.
– German settlers developed a wood burning stove that
heated a home better.
• In the 1700’s, thousands of German and Scottish-Irish
settlers arrived in Philadelphia’s they headed west into the
backcountry,
The Backcountry
• The Backcountry, the area of land along
the eastern slopes of the Appalachian
Mountains.
Settlers followed
the old Iroquois
trail. This trail
became known as
the Great Wagon
Road.
Town and Country
•To farm settlers had to clear thick forests.
•From Indians, settlers learned how to make candles from pine trees
to light their homes.
•They made dishes from wooden logs and hunted wild animals for
food.
•Indians became alarmed at number of settlers moving onto Indian
land; disputes often resulted in violence
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