Download Ch. 3.4 Part 2

CHAPTER 3 • SECTION 4
New Netherland As you read in Chapter 2, in the early 1600s the Dutch
built the colony of New Netherland along the Hudson River in what is now
New York State. The colony’s largest town, New Amsterdam, was founded on
Manhattan Island in 1625. New Amsterdam was built to defend the Dutch
West India Company’s fur trading settlements along the Hudson River.
Peter Stuyvesant, the colony’s governor, expanded New Netherland by
taking over the nearby colony of New Sweden in 1655. The Swedes had
settled the land along the Delaware River in 1638.
The Dutch West India Company set up the patroon system to attract more
settlers. A patroon was a person who brought 50 settlers to New Netherland.
As a reward, a patroon received a large land grant. He also received hunting,
fishing, and fur trading privileges. The patroon system brought great wealth
to the colony’s elite.
The social system also included many slaves. Although their lives were
harsh, they enjoyed some rights of movement and property ownership.
More About . . .
Religious Refugees
in Pennsylvania
In England, thousands of Quakers went
to jail for their beliefs, especially after
Charles II gained the throne in 1660.
Some made their way to Maryland and
Massachusetts in the 1650s, but after
William Penn founded a Quaker colony in
1681, many more arrived.
Besides Quakers, several other small religious
groups who favored simple, peaceful
lifestyles moved to Pennsylvania. Germany
was the origin of many of these groups,
which included Mennonites, Dunkers,
Schwenckfelders, Moravians, and the Amish.
Most of these groups still exist, with many
living in isolated, rural communities.
A Tolerant Society In the 17th century the Netherlands had one of the
most tolerant societies in Europe. Dutch settlers brought this religious
toleration to their colony. New Netherland welcomed dissenters who had
been banished from Puritan New England. Quakers, German Lutherans,
and French Protestants all settled in the colony. Twenty-three Jewish settlers
arrived in 1654, and others soon followed. New Netherland soon became
known as the most tolerant and diverse colony in North America.
Answer: The rich soil and
mild winters were good
for farming. Settlers were
also attracted by the
religious tolerance.
CAUSES AND EFFECTS Explain what drew settlers to the Middle Colonies.
The English Take Control
KEY QUESTION How did religious toleration grow in the Middle Colonies?
The English saw the Dutch as a threat. New Netherland lay like a wedge
between New England and English colonies in the South. So, King Charles
II decided that his brother, the Duke of York, should drive the Dutch out of
New Netherland. When the duke’s ships appeared off New Amsterdam in
August 1664, the colony surrendered. New Netherland was renamed New
York after the Duke of York, who became the proprietor of the colony.
Teach
The English Take Control
Reader, Recorder, Reporter
New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Delaware The Duke of York was now the
largest single landowner in America. He gave part of his claim, the province
of New Jersey, to his friends Sir George Carteret and Lord John Berkeley in
1664. They tried to attract settlers by promising freedom of religion. They
also promised large land grants and a representative assembly.
William Penn was another landowner. Penn was born into a rich family that
had loaned money to Charles II. To pay off this debt, in 1681 the king gave
Penn land that came to be called Pennsylvania. The name means “Penn’s
woods.” In 1701, Penn granted the three lower counties their own assembly.
The counties became the colony of Delaware.
In his youth, Penn had joined the Quakers, much to his father’s disapproval. As you have read, 17th-century Quakers suffered persecution in both
• Why was Pennsylvania considered a “holy
experiment”? (It was based on Quaker ideals
and religious tolerance, and it had no taxsupported church.)
• What ideals were shared by settlers in most
of the colonies? (Possible Answers: desire to
create a new society; freedom from religious
persecution; representative government and
English law)
• Causes and Effects Why did New
Netherland’s location cause England to view
the colony as a threat? (New Netherland
geographically divided New England and the
English colonies in the South.)
84 • Chapter 3
84 Chapter 3
DIFFERENTIATING INSTRUCTION
Struggling Readers
English Learners
Time Line of New Netherland
Vocabulary: Roots
Prepare photocopies of the “New
Netherland” section of textbook page 84
and distribute copies and highlighters to
students. Reread the section together.
As you read, have students highlight
important events and dates in New
Netherland’s history. Then have students
create a time line of the history of
New Netherland using the highlighted
information.
Point out that the Dutch word patroon
is related to the French word patron
and the Spanish word patrón, which
both mean “master” or “protector.”
These words have a root in the Latin
word patronus, meaning “defender” or
“advocate.” Patronus in turn comes from
the Latin word for father, pater. Have
students look in the dictionary for five
more English words that come from the
Latin root pater. Collect the words and
discuss them with the class.
Daily L i f e
CHAPTER 3 • SECTION 4
in the Colonies
CLOTHING, RANK, AND RELIGION
STRANGE
Daily L i f e
In the 1630s there was a
fashion for sleeves slashed
to reveal expensive
undergarments. While
Virginia colonists displayed
their wealth through multiple
slashes, Massachusetts Puritans
passed a law allowing only one slash.
PENNSYLVANIA QUAKERS
1680s
VIRGINIA ANGLICANS
1680s
Artifact File
Imported fabrics and clothing allowed
the rich to show off their wealth.
Men wore elegant caps
when they removed
their long wigs.
Women’s shoes were richly adorned.
in the Colonies
CLOTHING, RANK, AND RELIGION
Ask students if the clothing they see here
reflects ideas they might have had about
what the colonists wore. Allow students
time to look over the page and have them
come up with at least one question they
still have about colonial clothing. (Possible
Answers: Who made the clothes? What
materials were used, and where did they
come from? How many sets of clothes did
people have? Have any clothes from this
period been preserved?)
ANSWER
Connect to Today Possible Answers:
An individual’s clothing reflects his or
her personal style; clothing may display
political slogans or quotations that reflect
a person’s beliefs; some people may dress
conservatively while others take fashion
risks, and either one may reflect their
beliefs or attitude.
More About . . .
Pilgrims’ Clothes
Women attached fancy
”stomachers” to the
front of their gowns so
that their waists would
appear longer.
Connect to Today
Although it is popularly believed that early
English pilgrims wore mainly black clothes
with buckled shoes, black clothing was
expensive and worn only on Sundays and
special occasions. For everyday use, the
colonists wore a variety of other colors,
including purple and red. Also contrary to
popular belief, early colonists did not wear
buckles—that fashion was introduced
about 70 years later, around the time of the
Salem witch trials.
DIFFERENTIATING INSTRUCTION
Gifted & Talented
Pre-AP
Colonial Fashion Description
and Design
Socio-Cultural Analysis
of Clothing
Have students use library or online
sources to locate portraits of Puritans.
Ask them to write a detailed description
of the subjects’ clothing. Tell them to pay
special attention to indications of wealth,
such as silk, lace, embroidery, sleeve
slashes, and black cloth. Then have
students design an original outfit they
might wear if they lived in colonial times.
Have students write an explanation of
how the Puritans’ clothing expressed
their attitudes, beliefs, or political
opinions. Ask students to include
examples and quotations from at least
two references. Ask volunteers to share
their explanations with the class.
Teacher’s Edition • 85