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The Big Bang
The Big Bang
Cosmology – The study of the
structure and evolution of the
universe.
Big Bang Theory – The universe was
very hot and small. Billions of years
ago it violently exploded and has been
expanding and cooling ever since.
Astronomers estimate the universe
to be about 13.7 billion years old.
The Big Bang
Proving the Big Bang:
1. Moving Galaxies: Galaxies are moving
away from each other.
Hubble’s Law – The farther away the
galaxy is, the faster it is moving away from
us. This supports the Big Bang.
2. Cosmic background Radiation –
Mysterious energy glow picked from a
telescope in 1965. Turns out it was leftover
thermal energy from the Big Bang.
The Big Bang
This glow seemed to come from all
directions like it came from a central
source.
3. Age of the Universe – Astronomers
can measure approximately how fast
the universe is expanding.
Between measuring the movement of
galaxies and cosmic background
radiation astronomers can estimate
the age of the universe to be 13.7
billion years old.
The Big Bang
Formation of the Solar System:
Solar Nebula – large cloud of dust and
gas that formed our solar system.(about 5
billion years ago)
As it spun, it flattened like a disk and
gravity pulled the solar nebula together to
form our sun.
The Big Bang
Gas and dust gathered together in
the outer parts of the rotating disk to
form planetisimals.
Over time, these planetisimals
formed the planets
The Big Bang
The Big Bang
Galaxies: Group of stars, star systems, star
clusters, dust, and gas bound together by
gravity.
Spiral – Bulge in the middle with arms that
curve outward. Most new stars are found in
the arms.
Elliptical – A round flattened ball. Contains
mostly old stars.
Irregular – No certain shape. Contain many
bright young stars and much dust and gas.
The Big Bang
The Future of the Universe:
No one knows for sure what will
happen to the universe.
It seems to be in constant motion
Astronomers think it will continue to
expand.
The Big Bang
Dark matter – does not give off light so
can not be seen. Makes up 23% of the
universe
Galaxies seem to be moving apart
faster than they used to. Astronomers
think this is because of dark energy.
Most of the universe is made up of dark
matter and dark energy
The Big Bang