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Plate Tectonics Theory of Plate Tectonics Plates are Plates Irregular shaped moving slabs Fit together like stones Plates form the surface of the Earth. Plates Carry continents Edged by trenches and ridges All contain oceanic crust Tectonics i. Is a special branch of geology ii. Deals with the movements that shaped the Earth’s crust iii. Explains how the Earth evolved over time. Tectonics i. Explains the formation, movements, collisions and destruction of the Earth’s crust. ii. Provides the framework for understanding mountains, volcanoes, earthquakes, landforms, and processes of physical Earth. Lithosphere i. Topmost solid part of the Earth ii. Made of Plates (Continental and Oceanic) iii. The Plates move at different speeds and different directions 7 Major Lithospheric Plates i. Mostly located on Ocean Floor ii. Pacific Plate is largest 1/5 of Earth’s surface containing Los Angeles, California iii. Others are North American, South American, Euroasian, African, Indo-Australian, and Antarctic iv. There are smaller plates such as Caribbean and Arabian plate. 3 Types of Plate Boundaries 1. Divergent 2. Convergent 3. Strike Slip Divergent (Constructive) Boundary Plates move apart at midocean ridges Divergent (Constructive) Boundary Convergent (Destructive) Boundary Come together at trenches Near continents and islands Collisions cause tremendous pressure and friction Results in stress that cause: Earthquakes Volcanoes Convergent (Destructive) Boundary Come together at trenches Strike-Slip (Conservative) Caused by Lateral Faults Two plates grind together No material made or destroyed Ex San Andreas Fault
