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Unit 1.3 Enclosure Movement – wool prices rise. More farms with pastures fenced in by private owners and common areas eliminated. Unemployed “gangs” needing a place to go. Ireland – formation of plantations and Indentured servants Where will many of them go to find new opportunities? Laborers under contract for a set period of years (7 common) ***Indentured Servants – labor system used early on in British North American colonies on plantations Transformed agriculture Plantation system – cash crops Used indentured servants in beginning Why be one? 1620 – 1st Africans as indentured servants Headright System – 50 acres of land for each family member and/or indentured servant you brought over How would that help both the colonies and England? House of Burgesses established in Virginia in 1619 White landowners able to create some of their own laws in a representative assembly Republicanism – using representatives to make laws How will this be like the future U.S.? Bacon’s Western farmers on frontier attacked by Indians Rebellion – 1675 Many former Indentured Servants Gov. William Berkeley would not send troops Nathaniel Bacon would lead militia against Indians and then attacked tidewater plantations (rich) Rebellion put down after Bacon killed Would lead to a less use of Indentured servants and more slaves. What other American “ideals” does this show? Church of England (Anglican Church) started by King Henry VIII Idea of Predestination started by John Calvin Calvinism Protestant / Catholic conflicts in England Where do Catholics now go? Separatists – wanted to separate from Church of England (Pilgrims) Puritans – wanted to purify the church Pilgrims were Separatists Landed at Plymouth Plantation in 1620 William Bradford – leader Squanto and Samoset – Indians that helped them Why did the Indians helped them? 1st Thanksgiving – What’s the real story? Pilgrims/Plymouth eventually overrun by Massachusetts Bay Colony and Puritans By supplying American Indian allies with deadlier weapons and alcohol and by rewarding Indian military actions, Europeans helped increase the intensity and destructiveness of American Indian warfare. Mayflower Signed when Pilgrims landed Idea of majority rule, but protection of minorities. Compact Why did they have this? Also lead to the idea of the Supremacy Clause in the U.S. Constitution. 1630 – 1000 Puritans in families arrived Organized with mixture of skilled trades How was this different from Jamestown? Great Migration – 20,000+ moved Theocracy led by John Winthrop (English Civil War) “City upon a Hill” by Winthrop – Boston as a model for the rest of the world (Utopia) Puritan laws, education, family based on religion Idea of the Puritan/Protestant Work Ethic Harvard – 1st college in America – Why started? “Idle hands are the devil’s work” Based on Predestination idea What would be a problem with this? Halfway Covenant – allowed baptism of children who were not believers. Why? Roger Williams Idea of “Liberty of Conscience” – freedom of religion Believed in separation of church and government How will this fit into the future of the U.S.? Fled in 1636 and started colony of Rhode Island Anne Hutchinson Believed in Antinomianism “free will” / conversion / “saved” Opposite of predestination How will this fit into the future of the U.S.? Preached to men Banned in 1638, she and her followers moved to Rhode Island Pequot War – 1637, nearly wiped out tribe King Phillip’s War – 1675 Splitting of Iroquois Showed impact of flintlock What was the policy with the Native Americans? Puritans made little effort to work with Indians. Salem Witchcraft Trials – 1692 Tituba and young girls 19 hung, 1 pressed, 150+ jailed Conflicts – Religious tensions, Indian pressure, Wealth/Jealousy Effect – power of church decreases Great Series of revivals, rebirth of church Creation of new churches Middle and lower classes How does this fit into independence later? “New Awakening (1730s and 40s) Light” Preachers Against “old light” ideas “Fire and Brimstone” Sermons Jonathon Edwards – “Sinners at the hands of an Angry God” George Whitfield What were some early American ideals that were established in the Virginia and Plymouth colonies? What is Indentured Servitude and why would someone do it? Why were Indentured Servants used early on in America, but later not used as much? The Puritans came to America for religious freedom, but what happened when someone disagreed with them? Give examples. Which colony’s settlers were better prepared when they arrived and why – Virginia or Massachusetts? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3- iRa6jtuh4 - review video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_A7N7qFia8 – APUSH We didn’t start the fire http://www.earlyamerica.com/ - Early America Archives http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p8BwWB c571k&playnext=1&list=PL46F79A6BB3CD6CA B&feature=results_main – School House Rock http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4muR7RumaA – sinners sermon