Download Study of histological structure

Lab Exercise # 5
Zoo- 145
Lab Exercise # 3
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HISTOLOGY is the branch of Biology that studies
the microscopic structure of the tissues, organs
and systems under the microscope
Type of Tissues
Epithelial
Tissue
Simple Squamous
Simple Columnar
Muscular
Tissue
Skeletal
Muscle
Connective
tissue
Cardiac
Muscle
*Blood Vessels: Arteries and Veins
Hyaline Cartilage
Nervous
Tissue
Spinal Cord
Neuron
Areolar Connective Tissue
Lab Exercise # 4
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The Nervous Tissue
Neurons
Nucleus
Dendrites
• These are unit of Nervous Tissue and are specialized in function and shape.
• The neurons or the nerve cells are star shaped bodies with few microns in diameter.
• The sharp protrusions of these cells are named as dendrites and the number of such
spine like extensions varies from 5 to 7.
• Centrally, the star shaped mass is loaded with a small nucleus and cytoplasm around
the nucleus
Lab Exercise # 4
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The Nervous Tissue
Spinal Cord
•The Spinal cord is cylindrical structure present inside the vertebral column.
•It is a bilobed tube and its dividing line toward dorsal side is called the dorsal fissure and the invaginating
line toward ventral plane is called ventral fissure.
•The depressed area on both planes is called the dorsal commissure toward dorsal side and ventral
commissiure toward ventral side.
•The central area is full of nerve cells and is named as grey matter which is perforated with a hole, central
canal.
•The area surrounding grey matter is called duramatter and the outer most covering of the spinal cord is
termed as piamatter.
The Sectional Organization of the Spinal Cord
Lab Exercise # 4
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Arteries and Veins
Artery
Vein
•
•
•
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The basic structure of the artery is composed of three layers of different kinds of tissues:
outer most layer is composed of connective tissue and is called tunica adventitia.
the median layer is formed of unstriated muscles and is termed tunica media.
the inner most layer is formed of epithelial tissue and is termed as tunica intima.
•
The veins also contain three different layers of different tissue like arteries viz, Tunica
Adventitia, Tunica Media and Tunica Intima.
The difference lies only in the thickness of these three layers. As a fact, the veins are thin
walled vessels comparatively due to the thin muscular layer
•
 Arteries carry blood away from the heart; the main artery is the aorta.
 Smaller arteries called arterioles diverge into capillary beds, which contain 10100 capillaries that branch among the cells and tissues of the body.
 Capillaries carry blood away from the body and exchange nutrients, waste, and
oxygen with tissues at the cellular level.
 Veins are blood vessels that bring blood back to the heart and drain blood from
organs and limbs.
 Capillaries have one layer of cells (the endothelial tunic or tunica intima)
where diffusion and exchange of materials takes place.
 Veins and arteries have two more tunics that surround the endothelium: the
middle tunica media is composed of smooth muscle that regulates blood flow,
while the outer tunica externa is connective tissue that supports blood vessels.
Lab Exercise # 4
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