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People’s Revolutions – Prague and Paris 1968 • Alexander Dubcek • Prague Spring • Uprising fails Paris- student protests become workers protests Status quo is maintained. Decolonization: Colonies become nations after WWII Increased independence movements – especially from countries who had helped their imperial rulers in WWII (and WWI!) European countries – especially Britain – found their power severely diminished and could not afford empire. Case Study: India Gandhi as leader (nonviolence) Partition and the problems of independence Pakistan becomes aligned with US India becomes a democracy and manages ties to US while still being friendly to socialism. Decolonization and the Cold War New nations become pawns in the US and USSRs game. Increasing independence movements and economic issues lead European countries to grant independence to their colonies. Alignment and “Proxy” Wars Alignment: Newly independent nations are swept into the CW as the US and USSR compete to - Help build countries financially/assist in development - Accepting help also meant, in most cases, accepting politics and influence. - Some countries chose to be “non-aligned” The Chinese Revolution Mao Zedong and the communist revolution Cuban Missile Crisis – will the Cold War get “hot”? Fidel Castro Proxy Wars and the CIA Patrice Lumumba – US fears about him being sympathetic to the Soviets lead to a US sponsored coup Joseph Mobutu was corrupt and repressive USSRs invasion of Afghanistan to Protect their interests Immigration to Europe from countries formerly colonized • Britain’s creation of the “commonwealth” • Europe becomes a more diverse society. The 1970s Economic Decline and the Rise of New Conservatism OPEC and Oil Crisis Challenges to the Welfare State: 1980s and the “New Conservatism” Protests against Margaret Thatcher (’80s hair was so cool!) Divided legacy of Margaret Thatcher