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CHINA SINCE MAO After the Cultural Revolution: • China reached agreements with the USA – less conflict • Chairman Mao died • Market Reforms: Allow people to make more money Tiananmen Square (1989) • Students asked for freedom – massive protests that threaten government. • Gov’t responds with military force: 2,000+ killed, thousands arrested • Moment of great heroism Capitalism, with a strong government : • Government: “If you don’t ask for democracy, then we will stop controlling the market & you can get rich.” Today: • Production: 2nd largest manufacturer in the world (after USA) • Exports: China sells us $295BILLION more than we sell them. • Wealth/Poverty: DENG XIAOPING Mao dies in 1976. By 1979 Deng Xaioping controlled the Communist party. Deng shifted the party back towards encouraging economic development. DENG’S REFORMS Deng called his reforms the Four Modernizations—science, industry, technology, and defense—and argued they were necessary to modernize China. Examples: The Responsibility System: peasants could sell crops from their private plots after fulfilling the government quota. Special Economic Zones: encouraged foreign investment in specific areas. THE REFORMS OF DENG XIAOPING During this economic reform, people also wanted political reforms—many began to protest in the name of democracy. The Communist government usually regained order by arresting a few leaders. TIANANMEN SQUARE In 1989, students held protests in Beijing for political freedoms and also democracy. After a month of these protests and lots of international attention, the communist government ordered martial law. Between 700 and 3000 citizens were killed before international eyes. Despite international outrage, Deng remained in power and no political reforms were made. In 1989, student protesters in China also called for an end to corruption and demanded the resignation of Communist Party leaders. Thousands of demonstrators for democracy in Tiananmen Square, Beijing were crushed by Chinese tanks and troops. China’s continued human rights violations, and its growing military and economic power have created strained relations with the West. However, US trade with China is, and will continue to be, one of the most important economic relationships in the 21st century.