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PLANT MAINTENANCE
ADAPTATIONS
Definition: The structures and behavior patterns
that allow each organism to perform the life
functions for survival
NUTRITION
1.
2.
The taking in of food and preparing for its use
2 types of Nutrition
1.
Autotrophic – having the ability to synthesize
organic molecules from inorganic molecules
H 2O
2.
Glucose C6H12O6
Heterotrophic – Organisms that can not synthesize
organic molecules from inorganic molecules
H2O
X Glucose C6H12O6
TYPES OF NUTRITION
Autotrophic
1. Organisms that make
their own food
2. Organisms called
Autotrophs
3. Plants, Algae and
some protists
(Euglena)
Heterotrophic
1. Organisms can not
make their own food, it
must be consumed
2. Organisms call
Heterotrophs
3. All animals, most Fungi,
protozoans and bacteria
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
1.
Definition: the process by which the energy of light
(Sunlight) is converted into chemical bond energy of
organic compounds
1.
Glucose
 Sunlight
 Wind
 Temperature
 Moisture
 soil
– water, rain, clouds
IMPORTANCE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
a)
b)
It is the source of the chemical bond energy in
the food of organisms (Glucose)
It is the source of the oxygen in the air
PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENT
1.
2.
3.
4.
Most cell s that carry out photosynthesis have
organelles called Chloroplasts
Contain the pigment Chlorophyll
Pigment – structures that absorb and reflect
certain wavelengths of light
Photosynthetic pigment (Chlorophyll) is green
in color, therefore green is NOT being
absorbed by the plants
PHOTSYNTHETIC PIGMENT
Chlorphyll
Green in color
Absorb red and blue pigments
CHROMATOGRAPHY
A technique used to separate the different pigments in a mixture
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
6CO2 + 12 H2O
Light
Enzymes
C6H12O6 + 6H20 + 6O2
Grana (During Day only)
Light Reaction
Photochemical reaction
Light Dependent
Stroma (24/7)
Dark Reaction
Carbon Fixation
Calvin Cycle
Light independent
GO TO PHOTOSYNTHESIS REACTION POWER
POINT SLIDE SHOW
Sun
RETURN FROM PHOTOSYNTHESIS POWER POINT
Results of Photosynthesis
1. Glucose is formed and is used as an energy source by most
organisms during cell respiration
2. Excess glucose is converted into storage products
by _________________ to form the polysaccharide Glycogen
3. Atmospheric Oxygen is produced and Carbon dioxide is
consumed
HOW WAS THE PHOTOSYNTHESIS REACTION
PROVED?
Recall Isotopes from Biochemistry
1. Def:
2. Characteristics
a. They are unstable, therefore they emit energy (Radiation)
b. They make good tracers
3. 2 Isotopes used to prove photosynthesis:
Oxygen-18 and Carbon-14
USES OF THE PRODUCTS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
1. Storage
1. Autotrophs store the products of P.S. as insoluble
materials such as starches, lipids and proteins
2. Digestion
a. To use these storage products, the plants must break
them down into small soluble products by digestion
(Enzymatic Hydrolysis)
b. Plants do not need a specialized digestive system
since they perform Intracellular digestion
3. Transport
a. The end products of digestion are used in the same
cells and are moved about by Cyclosis (Cytoplasmic
Streaming) or transported to other tissues
ALGAE
1. A large percentage of the world’s atmospheric
oxygen is produced by Photosyntheis from the
unicellular algae in the oceans
So why this?
ADAPTATIONS FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS
A. Algae as noted on the previous slide
B. Vascular Plants
(Contain Vascular tissue called
&
C. The specialized adaptive structures for
Photosynthesis in vascular plants are the Leaves
STRUCTURES OF THE LEAF
1. Upper epidermis – covered by a waxy cuticle
a. protects the leaf from disease and trauma
b. helps to prevent water loss
2. Palisade layer
a. Rectangular Cell layer loaded with Chloroplasts
b. Most of the photosynthesis takes place in this layer
3. Spongy layer
a. Contains the fibrovascular bundles
1. Contain the Xylem and Phloem
b. See air spaces for exchange of gas (Lungs of the plant)
c. Chloroplasts present
4. Guard Cells – Maintain the opening to the stomate
a. Drought will close the GC
b. Rain will remain open
c. Contain Chloroplasts
5. Stomates
a. Opening to the airspaces