Download Big Idea 18 - Leon County Schools

Big Idea 18: Matter and Energy
Transformations
Living things all share basic needs for life.
Living organisms acquire the energy they need for life processes
through various metabolic pathways (photosynthesis and cellular
respiration).
Matter and Energy are recycled through cycles such as the carbon
cycle.
BENCHMARK SC.8.L.18.4
Reporting Category Life Science
Standard Big Idea 18 Matter and Energy Transformations
SC.8.L.18.4 Cite evidence that living systems follow the Laws
of Conservation of Mass and Energy. (Also assesses
SC.8.L.18.1, SC.8.L.18.2, and SC.8.L.18.3.)
SC.8.L.18.1 Describe and investigate the process of
photosynthesis, such as the roles of light, carbon dioxide,
water, and chlorophyll; production of food; and release of
oxygen.
SC.8.L.18.2 Describe and investigate how cellular respiration
breaks down food to provide energy and releases carbon
dioxide.
SC.8.L.18.3 Construct a scientific model of the carbon cycle to
show how matter and energy are continuously transferred
within and between organisms and their physical
environment.
BENCHMARK SC.8.L.18.4
Reporting Category Life Science
Standard
Big Idea
18 Matter and Energy Transformations
Benchmark
Clarifications
•
Students will explain that living systems obey the law of conservation of mass and the law of conservation of energy.
•
Students will describe and/or explain the general processes of photosynthesis or cellular respiration.
•
Students will describe how matter is transferred in the carbon cycle.
•
Students will describe the role of light, carbon dioxide, water, and/or chlorophyll in the process and products of
photosynthesis.
Content Limits
•
Items will not address or assess the stages of photosynthesis or cellular respiration.
•
Items may not assess the interrelatedness of photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
•
Items will not use the term reactant.
•
Items will not use the term ATP.
•
Items will not assess the function of organelles related to the processes of cellular respiration or photosynthesis.
•
Items will not assess anaerobic respiration.
•
Items referring to the carbon cycle may include carbon reservoirs, such as the atmosphere, organisms, fossil fuels, sediments,
and oceans/water.
Stimulus Attribute
•
Scenarios may use word equations for photosynthesis or cellular respiration; chemical equations may not be used.
Response Attributes
•
None specified
Sample Item 32 SC.8.L.18.3
A diagram of the carbon cycle is shown below.
Each arrow represents a process in the cycle. Which of the following best describes
the process that occurs at arrow X?
A. Bacteria break down molecules in animals into carbon-based soil nutrients.
B. Animals release oxygen that is used by bacteria to produce carbon dioxide.
C. Animals release carbon dioxide that is used by bacteria for growth and
reproduction.
D. Bacteria combine carbon-based nutrients from plants and animals to produce
glucose.
Sample Item 32 SC.8.L.18.3
A diagram of the carbon cycle is shown below.
Each arrow represents a process in the cycle. Which of the following best describes
the process that occurs at arrow X?
A. Bacteria break down molecules in animals into carbon-based soil nutrients.
B. Animals release oxygen that is used by bacteria to produce carbon dioxide.
C. Animals release carbon dioxide that is used by bacteria for growth and
reproduction.
D. Bacteria combine carbon-based nutrients from plants and animals to produce
glucose.
Which of these is released during cellular
respiration?
• A. DNA
• B. sugar
• C. oxygen
• D. carbon dioxide
Which of these is released during cellular
respiration?
• A. DNA
• B. sugar
• C. oxygen
• D. carbon dioxide
What substances are created through the
process of photosynthesis?
• A. water and oxygen
• B. chlorophyll and sugar
• C. sugar and oxygen
• D. fruit and seeds
What substances are created through the
process of photosynthesis?
• A. water and oxygen
• B. chlorophyll and sugar
• C. sugar and oxygen
• D. fruit and seeds
The diagram shown below was created by a student
who was asked to construct a model of the carbon
cycle. Based on your knowledge of the carbon cycle,
evaluate the model she created. Which key component
is missing?
• A. the absorption of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, as it is taken in by
animals during respiration
• B. the absorption of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, as it is taken in by
plants during photosynthesis
• C. the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere when fossil fuels are
burned in automobiles or factories
• D. the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere when plants and
animals produce it as a byproduct of respiration
The diagram shown below was created by a student
who was asked to construct a model of the carbon
cycle. Based on your knowledge of the carbon cycle,
evaluate the model she created. Which key component
is missing?
• A. the absorption of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, as it is taken in by
animals during respiration
• B. the absorption of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, as it is taken in by
plants during photosynthesis
• C. the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere when fossil fuels are
burned in automobiles or factories
• D. the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere when plants and
animals produce it as a byproduct of respiration