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Volcanoes 7.3 NOTES Inside a Volcano 1. Magma chamber – the pocket beneath a volcano where magma collects 2. Pipe – a long tube through which magma moves from the magma chamber to Earth’s surface 3. Vent – the opening through which molten rock and gas leave a volcano 4. Lava flow – the area cover by lava as it pours out of a volcano’s vent 5. Crater – a bowl-shaped area that forms around a volcano’s central opening A volcanic eruption When a volcano erupts, the force of the expanding gases push magma from the magma chamber through the pipe until it flows or explodes out of the vent. Once magma escapes from the volcano it becomes lava. (The magma has lost most of its gases during the eruption.) Kinds of Volcanic Eruptions Quiet Eruptions happen when its magma is low in silica making the lava flow easily and the gases bubble out gently https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5 hE2DZdl0IA Kinds of Volcanic Eruptions Explosive Eruptions pyroclastic flow – occurs when an explosive eruption hurls out a mixture of hot gases, ash, cinders, and bombs https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cvjwt9nnwXY https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E4j-PGiSYQI Stages of volcanic activity Life Cycle of a Volcano – Geologists often use the terms active, dormant, or extinct to describe a volcano’s stage of activity. Active, or live, volcano is erupting or showing signs of erupting Dormant ,or sleeping, volcano is like a sleeping bear. Scientist expect it may awaken in the future and become active Extinct, or dead, volcano is unlikely to erupt again Monitoring Volcanoes Temperature increase, change of shape, monitoring any gases escaping from the volcano Ex. GPS and Satellite Radar signal if magma is causing the volcano’s shape to change Ex. Portable monitoring stations are dropped into the crater and transmit seismic data to geologists about the magma inside Volcanic Eruptions https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=gRdP9_v3USU