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Weeks 8-12
History Card
Early and High Renaissance
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Rebirth of Classic Culture
Art: Ghiberti's Doors, Linear Perspective, Schiacciato, Primavera, Mona
Lisa
Artists: Ghiberti, Brunelleschi, Donatello, Botticelli, Leonardo,
Michelangelo, Raphael
Gutenberg invents movable type (1447); Turks conquer Constantinople
(1453); Columbus lands in New World (1492); Martin Luther starts
Reformation (1543)
Lorenzo Ghiberti
• Lorenzo Ghiberti (Italian: [loˈrɛntso ɡiˈbɛrti]) (1378 – 1 December
1455), bornLorenzo di Bartolo, was a Florentine Italian artist of the
Early Renaissancebest known as the creator of the bronze doors of the
Florence Baptistery, called by Michelangelo the Gates of Paradise.
Trained as a goldsmith and sculptor, he established an important
workshop for sculpture in metal. His book ofCommentari contains
important writing on art, as well as what may be the earliest surviving
autobiography by any artist.
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorenzo_Ghiberti
Ghilberti's Doors
The Art Institute of Chicago
Filippo Brunelleschi
• Filippo Brunelleschi (Italian: [fiˈlippo brunelˈleski]; 1377 – April 15,
1446) was an Italian engineer and a key figure in architecture. He is
perhaps most famous for developing a technique for linear
perspective in art and for building the dome of the Florence
Cathedral, but his accomplishments also include other architectural
works, sculpture, mathematics, engineering and even ship design. His
principal surviving works are to be found in Florence, Italy.
What is Linear Perspective
• In thiis video we learn how Brunelleschi re-discovered perspective.
National Geographic's page on The Duomo
So, What's the Difference?
This LINK from Khan Academy tells us the difference
between Early and High Renaissance art. Some main
points are:
1. Figures are more human and natural looking,
instead of stylized romanesque figures.
2. The shapes used within the paintings change from
being triangular to pyramidal.
Donatello-Italian sculptor Donatello was the greatest Florentine
sculptor before Michelangelo (1475–1564) and was the most
influential individual artist of the 15th century in Italy.
Not the real deal....
This is the guy....
Does this help?
KA-POW
Donatello's use
of schiacciato
Donatello invented his own bold new mode
of relief in his marble panel St. George
Killing the Dragon (1416-17, base of the St.
George niche at Or San Michele). Known as
schiacciato ("flattened out"), the technique
involved extremely shallow carving
throughout, which created a far more
striking effect of atmospheric space than
before. The sculptor no longer modeled his
shapes in the usual way but rather seemed
to "paint" them with his chisel. A blind man
could "read" a Ghiberti relief with his
fingertips; a schiacciato panel depends on
visual rather than tactile perceptions and
thus must be seen. Link
http://poderesantapia.com/art/donatello.htm
The main attraction of the
Siena baptistry is the
hexagonal baptismal font,
containing sculptures by
Donatello, Jacopo della
Quercia and others. The
panel of The Feast of
Herod is one of the great
masterpieces of Renaissance
sculpture. It was the first relief
to be built in accordance with
the rules of perspective.
Boticelli
Sandro Botticelli was born in the
mid-1440s in Florence, Italy. As
a boy, he apprenticed as a
goldsmith and then with master
painter Filippo Lippi. By his
forties, Botticelli was himself a
master and contributed to the
decoration the Sistine Chapel.
His best known work is The Birth
of Venus. He died in 1510.
http://www.biography.com/people/sandro-botticelli-9220903
Primavera
http://www.uffizi.org/artworks/la-primavera-allegory-of-spring-by-sandro-botticelli/
Leonardo Da Vinci
• Artists in the Early Renaissance
insisted that they should be
considered intellectuals because
they worked with their brains as well
as with their hands. They defended
this position by pointing to the
scientific tools that they used to
make their work more naturalistic—
the study of human anatomy, of
mathematics and geometry, of linear
perspective. These were clearly all
intellectual pursuits!(khan academy)
• Biography:
http://www.biography.com/people/leonardoda-vinci-40396
Portraits were once rare...
• We live in a culture that is so saturated with images, it may be difficult
to imagine a time when only the wealthiest people had their likeness
captured. The weathy merchants of Renaissance Florence could
commission a portrait, but even they would likely only have a single
portrait painted during their lifetime. A portrait was about more than
likeness, it spoke to status and position. In addition, portraits
generally took a long time to paint, and the subject would commonly
have to sit for hours or days, while the artist captured their likeness.
(khan academy)
Mona Lisa
Michelangelo
The greater danger for most
of us lies not in setting our
aim too high and falling
short; but in setting our aim
too low, and achieving our
mark.
Michelangelo
Read more at
http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/quotes/m/michelange108
779.html#GfEQ5KixyGqi0pVU.99
Super Genius!!
Michelangelo (1475-1564) was a sculptor, painter and architect widely
considered to be one of the greatest artists of the Italian Renaissance
period—and arguably of all time. His work demonstrated a blend of
psychological insight, physical realism and intensity never before seen.
His contemporaries recognized his extraordinary talent, and
Michelangelo received commissions from some of the most wealthy
and powerful men of his day, including popes and others affiliated with
the Catholic Church. His resulting work, most notably his Pietà and
David sculptures and Sistine Chapel ceiling paintings, has been carefully
tended and preserved, ensuring that future generations would be able
to view and appreciate Michelangelo’s genius.
http://www.history.com/topics/michelangelo
Humanism Rocks!!
The Sistine Chapel
The Pieta
Want more info? Awesome Website:
http://www.arthistorymom.com/renaissance-art/kids-meetmichelangelo-the-reluctant-painter-2/