* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download What is Personality Disorder???
Survey
Document related concepts
Personality disorder wikipedia , lookup
Classification of mental disorders wikipedia , lookup
Emergency psychiatry wikipedia , lookup
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders wikipedia , lookup
Conduct disorder wikipedia , lookup
Generalized anxiety disorder wikipedia , lookup
Asperger syndrome wikipedia , lookup
Glossary of psychiatry wikipedia , lookup
Child psychopathology wikipedia , lookup
Psychedelic therapy wikipedia , lookup
Mental status examination wikipedia , lookup
Dissociative identity disorder wikipedia , lookup
History of mental disorders wikipedia , lookup
Antisocial personality disorder wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
FEM4105 Psychology of Personality & Human Dynamics BS(PM)-PJJ PERSONALITY DISORDERS & PSYCHOTHERAPY Week 14 INSTRUCTOR: SITI NOR BINTI YAACOB, PhD. [email protected]/012-2841844 *A kind of psychological disorder that can be distinguish by its rigid and on-going patterns of feeling, thinking, and behavior which often lead to serious personal and social difficulties, as well as a general functional impairment in negative tone, such as aggressive, withdrawal, antisocial or neurotic. *A pervasive pattern of experience and behavior that is abnormal. *Most personality disorders begin as problems in personal development and character which peak during adolescence and then are defined as personality disorders. *Rigid and invasive in many condition as such behavior is egosyntonic, that is the pattern consistent with person’s ego integrity, due to their past childhood experience. *The individual just felt that is appropriate, and just diagnosed as disorder when their behavior become unbendable, maladaptive and disruptive. 2 *Great difficulty dealing with others due to their rigidity, narrow in vision of the world, and view their behavior as “normal” or “right”. *The DSM-IV-TR: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (APA,2000): *“An enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the expectation of the individual’s culture, is pervasive and inflexible, has an onset in adolescence or early adulthood, is stable over time and leads to distress or impairment.” 3 * Paranoid Personality Disorder * Schizoid Personality Disorder * Schizotypal Personality Disorder * Antisocial Personality Disorder * Borderline Personality Disorder * Histrionic Personality Disorder * Narcissistic Personality Disorder * Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCD) * Dependent Personality Disorder 4 *Often distrust others and regular and continuous suspicious of other people intentions and motives. *Feel they are much better than others, i.e. have better knowledge and abilities, thus they usually avoid close relationships with other people. *Always searching for hidden meanings and read antagonistic intentions in other people behavior. *Often appears cold and aloof, and quick to challenge their friends and loved ones faithfulness. *Like to blame others, as well as have long and severe resentment towards others. 5 *Avoid relationships and do not show much emotion *Their social skills are often weak and they do not show a need for attention or acceptance from other *They prefer to be alone and do not seek popularity *When looking for jobs, their tendency is to find types of occupation that require little social contact *“Loners”- i.e. other people often perceived them as distant and humorless 6 *Represents a type of mild schizophrenia. *Often seek isolation from others *Have odd forms of views, thinking and perceiving than others *Often believe own have ‘superpower’ or sixth sense ability *Have very short attention span for long periods of time. *Often engaging and exhibiting eccentric behavior *Difficulty in verbal communication (speech) and sometimes difficult to follow. 7 *Lack of conscience. *Prone to criminal/delinquent behavior, believing that their victims are weak and deserving of being taken advantage of. *Tend to cheat, steal and lie. *Usually act without thinking, and often have hasty attitudes towards money and wealth – develop ‘easy come easy go’ attitude. *Do not think or care about other people needs. They are more concern about what they want. *Often behave aggressively. 8 *Display unstable mood and have poor self- image, i.e. they tend to be short-tempered and have constant mood swings. *Often injure themselves due to their constant feelings of anger (short-tempered) and selfblame. *Suicidal ideation, intention, threats and actions are not uncommon. *Quick to reach in aggressively when what they want are not met (fulfilled) accordingly. 9 *Constant attention seekers and be the center of attention * Often interrupt others from talking, just so they can dominate the conversation * Want others to praise them, so use bombastic and grandiose language to describe everyday events *To gain attention, dress provocatively or exaggerate illnesses *May exaggerate friendships and relationships with others to believe that they are being loved and liked by everyone *Very manipulative in nature 10 *Very self-centeredness, self is more important than anything or anyone else. *Like to be the centre of attention and be praised by others. *Exaggerate their achievements and hope others aware about their accomplishment and superiority *Expecting they are superior than others, choosy about who to be friend. *Tend to make good impression, yet have difficulty to maintain long-lasting relationships *Like to take advantage on other people as more care about own feeling than the others 11 *Similar to obsessive-compulsive anxiety disorder *Too focused or overly obsess on orderliness and perfection, as well as wanting everything to be “right” *Their need to do everything “right” and perfect often interferes with their productivity *Obsession may cause them to loose out bigger picture, as focus too much on the minute details 12 *Need to be taken care of like to cling to people and fear losing them *They set unreasonably high standards for themselves and others and tend to be very critical of others when they do not live up to these high standards. *Tendency to have suicidal inclination if some awful event occurs, e.g. break-up in relationship *Prefer others to make decision for them as they are afraid of making mistakes *Often have many relationship with other *Although being abused, still remain as often felt helpless and depressed *Over-sensitivity *Do not like team-work as believe other incompetent *Difficulty in expressing their emotion 13 14 *The assessment and resolving problems relating to human behavior which includes emotions, overt behavior and thinking. *The work of healing emotional pain and often employed by mental health professionals to assist individuals with emotional and behavioral disorder. *Techniques and methods used to help children and adolescent who are experiencing difficulties with emotion and behavior. *For severe case, psychotherapy is often used in combination with other treatments (medication, behavior management or work with the school). 15 *Treatment may range from several hours of therapeutic sessions to several years, rely upon complexity and severity of client problems. *Counseling brings about awareness and decision, while psychotherapist assists patient in creating an ‘environment filled with activities’ (process) that can produce change in the client (patient). *Assist people solve their problems, achieve goals, and manage their lives. *Communication (conversation) as basic tool in treating a person’s feelings and behavior, e.g. 2-way communication disclose roots of problem and enable client more understand about themselves. *Active process that demand both parties to give complete concentration, energy, and commitment, but not magic to show vast improvement. *Process: check medical and family history, perform physical 16 assessment, confirm information and make diagnosis. *Goals for therapy may be specific *change in behavior, *improved relations with friends or family *more general, such as less anxiety, better selfesteem, etc. *The length of psychotherapy? Depends!!!! 17 *Why is psychotherapy being recommended? *What are some of the results I can expect to see? *How long will my child be involved in therapy? *How frequently will the doctor want to see my child? *Will the doctor be meeting with just my child or the entire family? *How much do psychotherapy sessions cost? *How will we (the parents) be informed about our child’s progress and how can we help? *How soon can we expect to see some changes? 18 *Mood disorders (e.g. depression, bipolar disorder) *Anxiety disorders (e.g. obsessive-compulsive disorder, post- traumatic stress disorder, phobias, panic disorders) *Eating disorders (e.g. bulimia, anorexia nervosa, obesity) *Problems linked with substance abuse (e.g. drugs, alcohol) *Problems associated to life conditions and events (e.g. loss and grief, marital problems, abuse, traumatic events, problem with elder parents and children) *Mental and emotional problems related to non-psychiatric medical illness (e.g. personality problem, sexual problem, insomnia, lack of interpersonal skills, difficulties in developing intimate relationships, work-based problem) *Severe mental illness (e.g. schizophrenia, psychotic disorder) 19 *Sharing feelings and resolving problems: *Verbal communication (talking) *Playing *Drawing *Building *Pretending *Decision on sessions needed depend on child’s current problems, history, level of development, ability to cooperate. *Most crucial is relationship built between therapist and patient so the trust make easier for child to 20 express if they felt safe and comfortable. * Behavioral Therapy/Behavior Modification * Client-Centered/Person-Centered Therapy * Cognitive Therapy * Dialectical/ Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) * Psychodynamic Psychotherapy (Psychoanalytic) * Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) * Therapy methods: * Individual Therapy: one-to-one basis treatment * Group therapy: therapist guide few people with similar problem * Family Therapy or Couples Therapy: thrash out and solve problem * When is needed? * People surrounding suspect something is not quite right with their behavior and emotions * Through proper examination and evaluation by physician or 21 psychiatrist. Types of Psychotherapy Behavioral Therapy or Behavior Modification • Also known as Behavior Modification technique • Emphasize on rewards and punishments concept to change thinking patterns and shape behavior • Used to tackle client’s specific behaviors, which requires replacing negative or harmful behavior to the positive once. • Substitute by rewards, reinforcement, and desensitization. • In desensitization, patient must face elements/ factors that cause their problem, i.e. overcome their fear and discomfort • Obsessive compulsive disorder patient who fears of germs and keep wash their hands can be trained relax, not wash hand • Patient learn how to get more fulfillment and incentives through own behavior and how to unlearn the unwanted. • Cooperation from other people, such as family and friends is very much needed to reinforce the desired behavior. Client-Centered or Person-Centered Therapy • Counseling therapy technique based on Carl Rogers perspective in solving emotional and personality disorder. • Belief all human being have authority on lives, and the nature is inherently constructive and social. • No judgment in client’s narration, let client talk and in the process sort through their thoughts, feelings, ideas and choices creatively. 22 • Unconditional positive environment, compassion and trust by therapist, encourage transparency, etc. change in the person. Types of Psychotherapy Cognitive Therapy • More emphasis on cognitive components • Aims to assist patients awareness, and change their thinking patterns which considered as negative and harmful. • Patient will search for and identify the correct thinking patterns. • Therapist assists client to modify his or her belief along a positive path, so as to make it less rigid or extreme. Cognitivebehavioral therapy (CBT) • Recognize importance of both cognitive and behavioral components in their therapy. • Help client to recognize their own negative thought patterns and behaviors. • Once identified, help patient restore them with positive one. • Most popular therapy used in treating depression, either using it alone or in combination with medication. • Main purpose is to diminish anxiety and depression by removing negative beliefs and thoughts relate to problem Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) • Formally known as rational therapy/ rational emotive therapy • A comprehensive, philosophically and uses an action-oriented approach which created by Albert Ellis to lead happier lives. • Focuses on person’s ability to handle and ‘create’ their 23 emotions, conquer the past and focus on present, power to select and put into appropriate actions to current patterns Types of Psychotherapy Psychodynamic Psychotherapy (Psychoanalytic) • Based on Freud’s Psychoanalytic perspectives where human mental well-being were said to be influenced by human unconscious conflicts, significant childhood experiences, and painful emotions that are veiled in the rear of an array of defense mechanisms. • Thus, based on the principles of psychoanalysis, human behavior is determined by one’s past experiences, genetic factors and current situation. • To assist patient to understand themselves better. • Patients are made to be aware of their emotions and their unconscious motivation or conflict. • Therapist may also bring patient “backward”, i.e. revisit their past experience that might have some influence on their current behavior, if therapist feels that is crucial for patient to understand how some unpleasant early experience have left them with low self-esteem, an incomplete feelings or excessive anxiety that interferes with their present life. • Therapist assists client ‘reveal’ unconscious motivations, unsolved problems that were rooted since their early childhood, and make them realize how those motivations affect their present behavior and emotions. 24 • Takes very lengthy process, and make take several years for patient to recover. * Personality play major roles in determining the CONSISTENCY & DYNAMIC nature of attitude, feeling and behavior. * Personality is the factor that people differ * Personality can be abnormal and this is the role of psychotherapy 25