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1. Distinguish between vascular and nonvascular plants.
Vascular – have vascular tissue (xylem and phloem) to
conduct water, minerals, and nutrients throughout the
plant.
Nonvascular – no vascular tissue. They rely on diffusion
and osmosis directly through all plant cells, which
means these are small plants that live in damp
environments.
2. Distinguish between gymnosperms and angiosperms.
Gymnosperms- have cones for reproduction (also called
conifers)
Angiosperms – have flowers for reproduction
3. The pores that facilitate gas exchange in plant
leaves are called
a. cuticle pores
b. stomata
c. guard cells
d. spongy mesophyll
4. In angiosperms, which plant tissue is used to
conduct water, minerals, and nutrients within the
plant to provide support?
a. ground tissue
b. dermal tissue
c. vascular tissue
d. seed tissue
5. Draw and label a typical dicot stem.
Include xylem, phloem, cambium, cortex,
epidermis, and pith.
6. List and explain three abiotic factors that affect the rate
of transpiration in a plant.
• Humidity – as humidity increases, transpiration
decreases and vice versa. (Because in higher
humidity, water potential is greater outside the
plant and in low humidity water potential is lower
outside the plant)
• Wind – as wind increases, transpiration increases
(because wind carries water away from the plant
creating a lower water potential outside the plant)
• Light intensity – as light intensity increases,
transpiration increases (because photosynthesis
rates are increased).
• Temperature – as temperature increases,
transpiration increases (because heat increases
evaporation from the plant).
7. Draw and label a flower AND give the
function of each part.
8. What is the advantage of CAM and other adaptations
of xerophytes in plants?
a. It helps the plant to survive high humidity.
b. It helps the plant prevent water loss.
c. It helps the plant survive low light intensities.
d. It helps the plant survive when there are low
nutrients in the soil.
9. Which of the following has the greatest effect on
the movement of water through the xylem?
a. evaporation b. cell turgor c. phloem d. ion
concentration gradient
10. Which of the following has the greatest effect on
the flowering of angiospermophytes?
a. length of day
b. length of night
c. humidity
d. moisture level
11. Describe the factors that affect germination
of a seed.
• Water – for hydration to activate metabolism
• Oxygen – for cellular respiration
• Warmer temperature – to increase enzyme activity
12. List and describe 3 ways a plant can take up
mineral ions and water.
As water flows (mass flow) in from the surrounding soil,
it brings minerals with it. The minerals are brought to
the correct protein pump in the root cells and are
brought into the cells by active transport. Sometimes
fungal hyphae assist the plant with taking up mineral
ions (in a mutualistic relationship called mycorrhizae).
Sometimes mineral ions are taken up by the plant via
diffusion or passive transport (depending on the
concentration gradient). Both water and mineral ions
are distributed through the xylem of the plant.
13. Which of the following would be an adaptation
made by a xerophytic plant.
a. reduced root surface area b. increased air space
c. increased number of stomata d. a thicker cuticle
14. Which processes in angiospermophytes involve
active transport?
a. mineral ion uptake
b. transpiration
c. photosynthesis
d. osmosis
15. What are the functions of xylem in angiospermophytes?
I. physical support
II. passive transport of water and minerals
III. active transport of carbohydrates
a. I, II, and III
b. I and II
c. II and III d. I and III
16. What conditions are needed for germination of all
seeds?
I. light
II. sufficient water
III. oxygen
a. I and III b. I and III
c. II and III
d. I, II, and III
17. During pollination, pollen is transferred from the
___ to the ___.
a. anther to stigma
b. stigma to anther
c. stamen to anther
d. pistil to stamen
18. What is the chief function of root hairs?
a. To decrease the anchoring power of roots.
b. To increase the surface area for absorption of
water and minerals.
c. To provide a direct passageway from the soil to the
vascular cylinder.
d. To protect roots from freezing temperatures.
19. Plants develop brightly coloured flowers to attract
animals. Which process is directly assisted by this
adaptation?
a. seed dispersal b. pollination
c. fertilization
d. Germination
20. Which of the following are ways that mineral ions move
into the root?
I. passive transport
II. active transport III. Fungal
hyphae
IV. Phloem
a. I, III, and IV
b. II, and III c. I, II, and III
d. III, IV
21. Which of the following best describes the relationship
between pollination and fertilization?
a. fertilization is required for pollination to occur
b. without pollination fertilization would not happen
c. fertilization always lead to pollination
d. pollination relies on fertilization to occur first
22. Which of the following requires the greatest
transpiration-cohesion-tension force?
a. a sunflower b. a corn plant c. moss d. a redwood tree
23. What force is responsible for the cohesiveness of water?
a. osmosis
b. diffusion
c. negative pressure created by evaporation of water from spongy mesophyll
d. hydrogen bonding between water molecules
24. What controls the flowering process in long-day plants?
a. Pfr is converted by red light to Pr which acts as a promoter of
flowering.
b. Pr is converted by red light to Pfr which acts as an inhibitor of
flowering.
c. Pr is converted by red light to Pfr which acts as a promoter of
flowering.
d. Pfr is converted by red light to Pr which acts as an inhibitor of
flowering.
25. Under which conditions would transpiration be most
rapid?
a. rainy weather
b. hot, humid weather
c. cold, humid weather d. hot, dry weather
26. Fertilization, pollination and seed dispersal all
occur during the reproduction of a flowering plant.
In what sequence do these processes occur?
a. seed dispersal  pollination  fertilization
b. fertilization  pollination  seed dispersal
c. pollination  fertilization  seed dispersal
d. seed dispersal  fertilization  pollination