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THE FOUR ENVIRONMENTAL SPHERES Norielyn N. Abalos The area near the surface of the earth can be divided up into four inter-connected "geospheres:" Lithosphere (stone) Hydrosphere (water) Biosphere (life) Atmosphere (air) Earth System (4 physical systems) Atmosphere Layer of gases that surround the Earth. The air of our planet is : 79% nitrogen 21% oxygen small amount remaining is composed of carbon dioxide and other gasses. Allows you to breathe and protects earth. Lithosphere (crust and MOHO) •The solid, rocky crust covering entire planet. •This crust is inorganic and is composed of minerals. •It covers the entire surface of the earth from the top of Mount Everest to the bottom of the Mariana’s Trench. Moho, or Mohorovičić discontinuity, boundary between the Earth’s crust and its mantle. The Moho lies at a depth of about 22 mi (35 km) below continents and about 4.5 mi (7 km) beneath the oceanic crust. Hydrosphere All the water on or near the earth This includes the oceans, rivers, lakes, and even the moisture in the air. 97% of the earth's water is in the oceans. 3% is fresh water; three-quarters of the fresh water is solid and exists in ice sheets Biosphere •composed of all living organisms. •Plants, animals, and one-celled organisms are all part of the biosphere. •Most of the planet's life is found from three meters below the ground to thirty meters above it and in the top 200 meters of the oceans and seas. Lithosphere METEOROLOGY GEOLOGY Biosphere Atmosphere ASTRONOMY Hydrosphere OCEANOGRAPHY Inner Core – 1200 km made of solid Fe, Ni. Outer Core – 2250 km made of liquid Fe, Ni. Mantle – 2900 km made of dense rocks. Crust – 5 – 40 km made of solid lighter rocks. Lithosphere (Crust and MOHO) – 100km thick. MOHO = Mohorovicic Discontinuity